WHOLE EARTH CATALOG
access to tools
Fall 1968
WHOLE EARTH CATALOG 1968 Understanding Whole Systems
Buckminster Fuller General Systems Yearbook Cosmic View Synthesis of Form Full Earth On Growth and Form Earth Photographs Tantra Art The World From Above Psychological Reflections ee Surface Anatomy The Human Use of Human Beings % Geology Illustrated The Ghost in the Machine : Sensitive Chaos The Year 2000 : A Year From Monday The Futurist > Shelter and Land Use by The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller Village Technology . Space Structures The Indian Tipi Tensile Structures, Volume One Tipis Dome Cookbook Aladdin Kerosene Lamps Good News Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Architectural Design Two Mushroom Books The Japanese House Organic Gardening Aude! Guides ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture Alaskan Mill Universal Mill The Way Things Work Science and Civilization in China, Volume IV, Introduction to Engineering Design Part 2 Van Waters & Rogers The Measure of Man Silvo Catalog Bookmaking Thomas Register of American Manufacturers Brookstone Tools Zone System Manual New Scientist Jensen Tools A Sculptor’s Manual Scientific American Miners Catalog Creative Glass Blowing Industrial Design Blasters’ Handbook Buckskin Product Engineering Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy Cut Beads Clearinghouse Structure, Form and Movement Melrose Yarns Communications
Human Biocomputer Education Automation American Cinematographer Manual
The Mind of the Dolphin Intelligent Life in the Universe The Technique of Documentary Film Production ’ Information The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Space The Technique of Television of Production
9100A Computer Lafayette and Allied Catalogs Auto Repair Manual
Cybernetics Heathkit Books
Eye and Brain Modern Business Forms Subject Guide to Books in Print
Design for a Brain American Cinematographer Art Prints
Community
The Modern Utopian The Merck Manual
The Realist Land for Sale
Green Revolution Consumer Reports
Kibbutz: Venture in Utopia Government Publications | Dune The Armchair Shopper’s Guide | Groups Under Stress How to Get 20% to 90% off on Everything You Buy
Nomadics
Innovator Recreational Equipment The Retreater’s Bibliography Gerry Outdoor Equipment The Book of Survival Kaibab Boots The Survival Book Hot Springs Survival Arts of the Primitive Paiutes The Explorers Trademark Log P Camping and Woodcraft National Geographic Light Weight Camping Equipment and How to Make It Sierra Club Backpacking The Narrow Road to the Deep North L.L. Bean Trout Fishing In American Learning Toward a Theory of Instruction Edmund Scientific Meditation Cushions and Mats The Black Box WFF ‘N PROOF Self Hypnotism THIS Magazine is about Schools Dr. Nim Psycho-Cybernetics Cuisenaire Rods We Built Our Own Computers A Yaqui Way of Knowledge ITA American Boys Handy Book Fundamentals of Yoga LIFE Science Library Pioneer Posters The Act of Creation Kaiser Aluminum News Sense Relaxation The | Ching
700 Science Experiments for Everybody Zen Flesh, Zen Bones
WHOLE EARTH CATALOG 1968
PURPOSE
We are as gods and might as well get used to it. So far, remotely done
power and glory—as via government, big business, formal education,
church—has succeeded to the point where gross obscure actual gains.
In response to this dilemma and to these gains a realm of intimate,
personal power is developing—power of the individual to conduct his |
own education, find his own inspiration, shape his own environment, Migs Shs... and share his adventure with whoever is interested. Tools that aid this drpih process are sought and promoted by the WHOLE EARTH CATALOG.
FUNCTION
The WHOLE EARTH CATALOG functions as an evaluation and access device. With it, the user should know better what is worth getting and where and how to do the getting.
An item is listed in the CATALOG if it is deemed: 1) Useful as a tool, 2) Relevant to independent education, 3) High quality or low cost, : 4) Not already common knowledge, 5) Easily available by mail.
This information is continually revised according to the experience and suggestions of CATALOG users and staff.
USING THE 1968 CATALOG
WARNING: Using the access information from the 1968 Catalog will drive you nuts. Publishers begged us not to reprint the Catalog with their names anywhere near books they no longer carry. Please don’t call a publisher and ask for a book because you saw it here.
This striped ball appears next
Hom olele) ame) -¢- mr Lae Mn cole) ance)
me help you estimate the item’s size.
The LIVE TURTLE indicates that a book or tool, or its worthy replace- ment, lives on. Not surprisingly, access has changed over thirty years. See new access on page 62. If the 1968 item is no longer available, but we have found a suc- cessor we think is worth noting, the
replacement is also found on p. 62.
The DEAD TURTLE means that the tool or book is essentially not available. Maybe an antiquarian jofele) <=) (0) c= ame) ame | Apa le Mm ore)|(=101 (0) am ar- 13 it. Check a library. As far as we can tell, nothing of equal excellence has replaced it. If you know of an outstanding successor, tell us.
Buckminster Fuller
The insights of Buckminster Fuller are what initiated this catalog.
Of the four books reviewed here, Nine Chains to the Moon is his earliest and most openly metaphysical, Ideas and Integrities his most personal, No More Secondhand God the most recent, World Design Science Decade the most programmatic.
People who beef about Fuller mainly complain about his repetition — the same ideas again and again, it's embar- rassing. It is embarrassing, also illuminating, because the same notions take on different uses when re-approached from different angles or with different contexts, Fuller's lectures have a raga quality of rich nonlinear endless improvisation full of convergent surprises.
Some are put off by his language, which makes demands on your head like suddenly discovering an extra engine in your car — if you don’t let it drive you faster, it'll drag you. Fuller won't wait. He spent two years silent after illusory language got him in trouble, and he returned to human communication with a redesigned instrument.
With that, empirical curiosity, and New England persever- ance Fuller has forged one of the most onginal personalities and functional intellects of the age.
| see God in
the instruments and the mechanisms that work
reliably,
more reliably than the limited sensory departments of the human mechanism.
And God says
observe the paradox
of man's creative potentials
and his destructive tactics.
He could have his new world
through sufficient love
for “all's fair”
Ideas and Integrities Home Buckminster Fuller Prentic:-Hall Inc. 1963; 318 pp. Enc “4 Cliffs Ne- »1 07631 or 3S. seer $10.00 postpaid WH =.» = ARTH CATALOG
Standing by the lake on a jump-or-think basis, the very first sponta- neous question coming to mind was, “If you put aside everything
Nine Chains to the Moon No More Secondhand God Buckminster Fuller Buckminster Fuller 1963; 163 pp.
1938, 1963; 375 pp.
$2.45 $2.25 postpaid
both freon:
Sou** > '"Inois Univesity Press 600 - rand
Car!” "Illinois 62903
or my
WH === \RTH CATALOG
{Ideas and Integrities]
Thinking is a putting-aside, rather than a putting-in discipline, e.g., putting aside the tall grasses in order to isolate the trail into infor- mative viewability. Thinking is FM — frequency modulation-for it results in tuning-out of irrelevancies as a result of definitive resolution of the exclusivity turned-in or accepted feed-back messages’ pattern differentiatability.
[{“Omnidirectional Halo” No More Secondhand God]
Common to all such “human” mechanisms — and without which they are imbecile contraptions — is their guidance by a phantom captain.
, i in love as:well as. in war. you've ever been asked to believe and have recourse only to your own
which means you can
junk as much rubbish,
skip as many stupid agreements by love,
spontaneous unselfishness radiant.
The revolution has come-
set on fire from the top.
Let it burn swiftly.
Neither the branches, trunk, nor roots will be endangered. Only last year’s leaves and
the parasite-bearded moss and orchids
will not be there
when the next spring brings fresh growth
and free standing flowers.
Here is God's purpose—
for God, to me, it seems,
is a verb
not a noun,
proper or improper;
is the articulation
not the art, objective or subjective;
is loving,
not the abstraction “love” commanded or entreated; is knowledge dynamic,
not legislative code,
not proclamation law.
not academic dogma, not ecclesiastic canon. Yes, God is a verb,
the most active,
connoting the vast harmonic
reordering of the universe
from unleashed chaos of energy.
And there is born unheralded
a great natural peace,
not out of exclusive
pseudo-static security
but out of including, refining, dynamic balancing. Naught is lost.
Only the false and nonexistent are dispelled.
And I've thought through to tomorrow which is also today.
The telephone rings
and you say to me
Hello Buckling this is Christopher; or Daddy it’s Allegra; or
Mr. Fuller this is the Telephone Company Business Office; and | say you are inaccurate.
Because | knew you were going to call and furthermore | recognize
that it is God who is “speaking.”
And you say aren’t you being fantastic? And knowing you | say no.
All organized religions of the past were inherently developed
as beliefs and credits
in “second hand” information.
Therefore it will be an entirely new era when man finds himself confronted with direct experience with an obviously a priori intellectually anticipatory competence that has interordered all that he is discovering. [No More Secondhand God]
experiences do you have any conviction arising from those experiences which either discards or must assume an a priori greater intellect than the intellect of man?” The answer was swift and positive. Experience had clearly demonstrated an a priori anticipatory and only intellectual- ly apprehendable orderliness of interactive principles operating in the universe into which we are born. These principles are discovered but are never invented by man. | said to myself, “I have faith in the integrity of the anticipatory intellectual wisdom which we may call *‘God.’" My next question was, “Do | know best or does God know best whether | may be of any value to the integrity of universe?”
The answer was, “You don’t know and no man knows, but the
faith you have just established out of experience imposes recognition
of the a priori wisdom of the fact of your being.” Apparently addres- sing myself, | said, “You do not have the right to eliminate yourself, you do not belong to you. You belong to the universe. The signifi
cance of you will forever remain obscure to you, but you may assume that you are fulfilling your significance if you apply yourself to convert-
ing all your experience to highest advantage of others. You and all men are here for the sake of other men.”
WDSD Document 1
World society has throughout its millions of years on earth made its judgements upon visible, tangible, sensorially demonstrable criteria.
We may safely say that the world is keeping its eye on the unimportant
visible 1 percent of the historical transformation while missing the significance of the 99 percent of overall, unseen changes. Forms are inherently visible and forms no longer can “follow functions” because the significant functions are invisible .. . .
There are very few men today who are disciplined to comprehend the
totally integrating significance of the 99 percent invisible activity which
is coalescing to reshape our future. There are approximately no warnings being given to society regarding the great changes ahead. There is only the ominous general apprehension that man may be about to annihilate himself. To the few who are disciplined to deal with the invisibly integrating trends it is increasingly readable in the trends that man is about to become almost 100 percent successful as an occupant of universe.
This phantom captain has neither weight nor sensorial tangibility, as has often been scientifically proven by careful weighing opera- tions at the moment of abandonment of the ship by the phantom captain, i.e., at the instant of “death.” He may be likened to the variant of polarity dominance in our bipolar electric world which, when balanced and unit, vanishes as abstract unity | or O. With the phantom captain's departure, the mechanism becomes inoperative and very quickly disintegrates into basic chemical elements.
This captain has not only an infinite self-identity characteristic but, also, an infinite understanding. He has furthermore, infinite sympa- thy with all captains of mechanisms similar to his . . . .
An illuminating rationalization indicated that captains — being phantom, abstract, infinite, and bound to other captains by a bond of understanding as proven by their recognition of each other’s sig- nals and the meaning thereof by reference to a common direction (toward “perfect”) — are not only all related, but are one and the same captain. Mathematically, since characteristics of unity exist, they cannot be non-identical.
Our Air Force Redomes were installed in the arctic mostly by eskimos and others who had never seen them before. The mass production technology made assembly possible at an average rate of 14 hours each. One of these radomes was loaned by the U.S. Air Force to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City for an exhibition of my work in 1959-1960, It took regular building trades skilled labor one month to assemble the dome in New York City.
WDSD Document 2
| define ‘synergy’ as follows: Synergy is the unique behavior of whole systems, unpredicted by behavior of their respective subsys- tems’ events.
{Ideas and Integrities]
selfishness (self-preoccupation pursued until self loses its way and self generates fear and spontaneous random surging, i.e., panic, the plural of which is mob outburst in unpremeditated wave synchronization of the individually random components).
[No More Secondhand God]
To start off with it is demonstrated in the array of events which we have touched on that we don't have to “earn a living” anymore The “living” has all been earned for us forever. Industrialization’s wealth is cumulative in contradistinction to the inherently terminal, discontinuous, temporary wealth of the craft eras of civilization such as the Bronze Age or Stone Age, If we only understood how that cumulative industrial wealth has come about, we could stop playing obsolete games, but that is a task that cannot be accomplished by political and social reforms. Man is so deeply conditioned in his reflexes by his millenniums of slave function that he has too many inferiority complexes to yield to political reformation. The obsolete games will be abandoned only when realistic, happier and more interesting games come along to displace the obsolete games. [WDSD Document 3]
Tension and Compression are complementary functions of structure. Therefore as functions they only co-exist. When pulling a tensional rope its girth contracts in compression. When we load a column in compression its girth tends to expand in tension. When we investi- gate tension and compression, we find that compression members, as you all know as architects, have very limited lengths in relation to their cross sections. They get too long and too slender and will readily break. Tension members, when you pull them tend to pull, approximately, (almost but never entirely), straight instead of trying to curve more and more as do too thin compressionally loaded columns. The contraction of the tension members in their girth, when tensionally loaded, brings its atoms closer together which makes it even stronger. There is no limit ratio of cross section to length in tensional members of structural systems. There is a fundamental limit ratio in compression. Therefore when nature has very large tasks to do, such as cohering the solar system or the universe she arranges her structural systems both in the microcosm and macrocosm in the following manner. Nature has compression operating in little remotely positioned islands, as high energy con- centrations, such as the earth and other planets, in the macrocosm; or as islanded electrons, or protons or other atomic nuclear compo- nents in the microcosm while cohering the whole universal system, both macro and micro, of mutually remote, compressional, and oft non-simultaneous, islands by comprehensive tension; -compression islands in a non-simultaneous universe of tension. The Universe is a tensegrity.
[WDSD Document 2]
| was born cross-eyed. Not until | was four years old was it discovered that this was caused by my being abnormally farsighted. My vision was thereafter fully corrected with lenses. Until four | could see only large patterns, houses, trees, outlines of people with blurred coloring, While | saw two dark areas on human faces, | did not see a human eye or a teardrop or a human hair until | was four. Despite my new ability to apprehend details, my childhood’s spon- taneous dependence only upon big pattern clues has persisted. .. .
| am convinced that neither | nor any other human, past or present, was or is a genius. | am convinced that what | have every physically normal child also has at birth. We could, of course, hypothesize that all babies are born geniuses and get swiftly de-geniused. Unfavorable circumstances, shortsightedness, frayed nervous systems, and ignorantly articulated love and fear of elders tend to shut off many of the child’s brain capability valves. | as lucky in avoiding to many disconnects.
There is luck in everything. My luck is that | was born cross-eyed, was ejected so frequently from the establishment that | was finally forced either to perish or to employ some of those faculties with which we are all endowed-the use of which circumstances had previously so frustrated as to have to put them in the deep freezer, whence only to hellishly hot situations could provide enough heat to melt them back into usability.
{WDSD Document §]
In the 1920's with but little open country highway mileage in opera- tion, automobile accidents were concentrated and frequently occurred within our urban and suburban presence. Witnessing a number of accidents, | observed that warning signs later grew up along the roads leading to danger points and that more traffic and motorcycle police were put on duty. The authorities tried to cure the malady by reforming the motorists. A relatively few special individual drivers with much experience, steady temperament, good coordination and natural tendency to anticipate and understand the psychology of others emerged as “good” and approximately accident-free drivers. Many others were accident prone.
In lieu of the after-the-fact curative reform, trending to highly spe- cialized individual offender case histories, my philosophy urged the anticipatory avoidance of the accident potentials through invention of generalized highway dividers, grade separaters, clover leafing and adequately banked curves and automatic traffic control stop-lighting systems. | saw no reason why the problem shouldn't be solved by preventative design rather than attempted reforms. My resolve: Reshape environment; don't try to reshape man.
[WDSD Document 1]
WATER RE- COVERY UNIT
Drinking water
Clean wash water
WATER RE- COVERY UNIT
CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
WATER AND AIR RECIRCULATION SYSTEM snnenees: Cabin air water CATALYTIC BURNER .
1 Cabin air ;
Clean DEHUMIDIFIER }.....j CARBON DIOXIDE [ DEHUMIDIFIER pemend eT RATOR
ae ccemmusssanesscesreee®
METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS & RESULTANT WASTES IN POUNDS
| TOTAL INPUT |
Oxygen = 2.2 lbs.
Food = 1.3 lbs. (Dehydrated)
FOR A 160 1b. MAN
t TOTAL ourepT
Total CO, = 4,2 lbs.
COz = 0.2 Ibs.
Waste Ny & NaCl incin~ etc. = eration > 0 lbs. process
H,0 = 0.1 lbs.
Oxygen for incin- eration = 0.75 lbs.
Breathing Exhaled CO,
= 2.4 lbs.
ULiiother wastes
i = >0 ibs.
|| LLL Excreted
mn solids = | 0.18 lbs.
Excreated H,0 = 5.8 lbs
process produces
Drinking & eating = 5.0 lbs.
saa ceeoenaenerecenasnensennnenanne.
Feces etc. = 0.4 lb
2.2 lbs.
Water = 7.0 lbs.
Sources: (1) E. S. Mills, R. L. Butterton, Douglas Missile & space Systems
Development Interplanetary Mission Life Support System, 1965.
(2) NASA: ASD Report TR 61-363.
WDSD Document 6
HUMAN DAILY METABOLIC TURNOVER
Oxygen 24.1% 862 gms,
Food 14, 6%
Grams Proteins = 80 Carbohydrates = 270 Fats = 150
Other solids system
quotient of 0,82 | Trnyye: INPUT = 1002 2830 3585 gms. Calories
arbon
Dioxide (CO,) 27.4% 982 gms. ee erie
Water
& minerals = 23 l (H,0) — 70.9 %
2542 gms.
Metabolic 9, 5%)
OUTPUT = 100% 3585 gms.
The Honeywell edition of Fuller's world map (more brightly colored than previous editions) is available.
$4.65 po™paid
tro
Po og
Ct 9, Illinois 62901 However,
man unconcernedly sorting mail on an express train with unuttered faith that the engineer is competent, that the switchmen are not asleep, that the track walkers are doing their job, that the technologists who designed the train and the rails knew their stuff, that the thousands of others whom he may never know by face or name are collecting tariffs, paying for repairs, and so handling assets that he will be paid a week from today and again the week after that, and that all the time his family is safe and in well being without his personal protection constitutes a whole new era of evolution- the first really ‘new” since the beginning of the spoken word. In fact, out of the understanding innate in the spoken word was Industrialization wrought after millenniums of seemingly whitherless spade work. [The Unfinished Epic of Industrialization]
The Unfinished Epic of Industrialization
E ‘aster Fuller 1963; 227 pp . rom World Resources Inventory ES 4, Carbondale, Illinois 62901
Concept Twelve - SELF DISCIPLINES Working assumptions, cautions, encourage ments, and restrains of intuitive formulations and spontaneous actions. My own rule: “Do not mind if | am not understood as long as | am not misunderstood.”
Personal Self Disciplining. In 1927 | gave up forever the general economic dictum of society, i.e. that every individ- ual who wants to survive must earn a living. | substituted, therefore, the finding made in concept one, i.e., an individual's antientropic responsibility in universe. | sought for the tasks that needed to be done that no one else was doing or attempting to do, which if done would physically and economically advantage society and eliminate pain.
As a consequence, it was necessary for me to discipline my faculties to develop technical and scientific capabilities to invent the physical innovations and their service industry logistics.
Mv Recommendations for a Curriculum of Design Science
1. Synergetics
2. General Systems Theory
3. Theory of Games (Von Neuman) Solids: 4. Chemistry and Physics urea & 5. Topology, ProjectiveGeometry minerals 6. Cybernetics 1.7% 7. Communications 61 gms,
8. Meteorology
9. Geology
10. Biology
11. Sciences of Energy
. Political Geography . Ergonomics
ih a aon
Source: Apogee, Douglas Missile & Space = 14. Production Engineering Publication No. 4, 1961. p. 8.
The World Design Science Decade documents contain some that is in the other books and much that isn't. The 6 volume set costs $1 0.50 postpaid to students (formal and informal); $30.00 postpaid to others. This is a very good deal.
We find that_original question asking is a consequence of interferences, whethter in the computer or the human brain. We find then that original questions are second derivative events in the computer lif.e
[WDSD Document 2]
[WDSD Document 5]
Order froin
Wer'd Reso..ces Inventory Office Box ©
Carb llinois 62901
or ‘*"r “\RTH CATALOG
Size: 35 x 20 inches.
The will of history reads “for everybody or for nobody,” and since we balk at “for nobody” it has to be “for every- body”. And that's the way it is going, lickety-split and the world around.
[WDSD Document 3]
Cosmic View
“The Universe in 40 Jumps” is the subtitle of the book. It delivers.
The man who conceived and rendered it, a Dutch schoolmaster named Kees Boeke, gave years of work to perfecting the information in his pictures. The result is one of the simplest, most thorough, inescapable mind blows ever printed. Your mind and you advance in and out through the universe, changing scale by a fac- tor of ten. It very quickly becomes hard to breathe, and you realize how magnitude- bound we've been.
I'm amazed this book isn't more commonly available. It's the best seller of The Whole Earth Truck Store. People get it for their
friends. Cosmic View TOMS Kees Boeke Li Prt ah a 1957; 48 pp. b ONY.
c 3.75 postpaid VW.) EARTH CATALOG Full Earth
In November 1967 an ATS satellite whose funds phenome- nally had not been cut made a home movie. It was a time lapse film of the Earth rotating, shot from 23,000 miles above South America. (This is synchronous distance. The satellite orbits at the same speed the Earth turns, so it remains apparently stationary over one point of the equa- tor.) Color photographs of the Earth were transmitted by TV every 1/2 hour to make up a 24 hour sequence. The shots
Earth photographs
NASA SP.129 is a hell of a book. Two hundred forty-three full page color photographs of our planet from the Gemini flights of 1965. if it were a Sierra Club book, and it could be, it would cost $25. It costs $7.
There are numerous discoveries in the book. One is that this beautiful place is scarcely inhabited at all.
\ weand pheeograph of Catifarna’s Imperial Valles gis
thr sea
Ww
Wak
COSMIC VIEW
THE UNIVERSE IN 40 JUMPS
a clear View of the Salto Sea. No agreement exits concerning the rauw of the ewe ween in the center of
by KEES BOEKE
were lap dissolved together to make the movie. You see darkness, then a crescent of dawn, than advancing daylight and immense weather patterns whorling and creeping on the spherical surface, then the full round mandala Earth of noon, then gibbous afternoon, crescent twilight, and darkness again.
A 16mm 400-foot silent color print of the film includes several forms of the 24-hour cycle and close-up cropping of specific sectors as their weather develops through the day.
The film (NR 68-713) costs
$48.94 plus shipping
An 8x10 color print of the full earth (68-HC-74) costs
$5.64 postpaid fre By tion Pictures fr- ~ 6 t NE C Arts Studio Ww mm, D.C, 20002 @ “eet, NW V on, D.C. 20001
Color posters (22x27) of the full earth photographs may be ordered from the WHOLE EARTH CATALOG for
$2.00 postpaid
The posters are available for resale (minimum order 5) at 50% discount.
‘
Earth Photographs from Gemini Ill, lV, and V.
NASA
1967; 266 pp.
$7.00 postpaid
from:
Sup? <esdent of Documents U.S “-nment Printing Office Wa 1, D.C. 20402
or
WH ARTH CATALOG
The World From Above
Close-up glamor shots of the Earth. Mystery shots (What is that? What's our altitude above it, 10 feet or 10,0007) (Fold out captions tell all.) Good traffic flow pattern shots: surface anatomy of civilization. Not a bad compendium; it'll do until they reprint E.A. Gutkind’s Our World From the Air.
The World From Above
The World From Above
from: Hanns Reich EE" anc! Weng, Inc. 1966; 88 pictures 141 venue
Ne N.Y. 10010 $7.50 potpaia or
WHOL... cAiiTH CATALOG
Surface Anatomy
This books is included as a companion piece to the Earth picture books. The whole lovely system of the human creature, seen from without, surface by surface, is here. One of its main revelations is how cliché ridden our usual views of ourselves are — we are still not good with mirrors (satellites were up 10 years before we got a full view of the Earth). Posing friends and neighbors, with a simple light set-up and a 35mm camera, Joseph Royce has shot the most beautiful human album | know.
It also teaches anatomy.
Surface Anatomy
Joseph Royce 1965; 124 photographs and some diagrams
$1 2.50 postpaid
from
F 4. Davis Company 19? ‘ry Street
Ph a, Pa 19103 ar
WHO. cARTH CATALOG
Geology Illustrated sama pate aad A artist of aerial photography, Shelton uses some 400 of his finest photos to illuminate a discussion of the whole-earth system. Not a traditional textbook, but a fascinating explo- ration of the problems posed by asking “How did that come about?” Worth buying for the photos and book design alone, but you'll probably find yourself becoming interested
in geology regardless of your original intentions. [Reviewed by Larry Mc!
.
Combs]
On SON
+ Geology Illustrated
5 eT HERAT
ra -
As a means of communicating geological concepts, the pictures are fully as important as the words that accompany them. On most Pages the photographs represent the facts, the words supply the interpretation. Many of the illustrations will, therefore, repay a little of the kind of attention that would be accorded the real feature in
the field, In keeping with this, almost no identifying marks have Geology Illustrated
been placed on the photographs and very few on the drawings. John S. Shelton
The text (which almost invariably concerns an illustration on the 1966; 434 pp.
same or a facing page) serves as an expanded legend for the pic- vB. Tceeman & Company ture; if, while reading it, it is necessary to look more than once to $1 0.00 postpaid 6f et Street
identify some feature with certainty, this is no more than Nature Ss sisco, Ca 94104
asks of those who contemplate her unlabelled cliffs and hills. it WHU-E EARTH CATALOG
Sensitive Chaos
Schwenk directs an institute in the Black Forest devoted to the study of the movements of water and air. Within the last few centuries, he says we have “lost touch with the spiritual nature of water.” As a result, we have attempted to control the fluids in ways contrary to their nature, and the results are evident in the problems of pollution, damage to the ecosystem, and even drying up of natural water sources. Schwenk attempts to penetrate beyond the mere observable phenomena to an ability to “read” the true spiritual nature of flow- ing substances.
=e” \ “ty tr
4 Tet oe
| found the book to be a peculiarly fascinating mixture of overgeneraliza- tion, simplification, undifferentiated fact and theory, and shrewd observation and insight. If you regard analogy as the weakest form of argument, this book is definitely not for you. On the other hand, Schwenk’s juxtaposition of similar forms in different flowing media may spark some exciting bisociations, if you are open to them. The section of 88 pages of black and white photos at the back of the book could stand alone as a beautiful art collection.
[Reviewed by Larry McCombs]
Here too the form of the vortex seems to hover invisibly over the growth processes, even before the horns are actually there, for they proceed along this spiral path with mathematical exactitude in their annual growth. It is significant that the axes of the two spiraling horns meet either in the nose or the eyes or in their immediate vicinity, a fact which stresses the strong connection of the horns with sense perception and with the animal's sense of its surroundings. Furthermore, in structure, the horn, like the water vortex, is finely laminated, layer upon layer.
Sensitive Chaos Theodor Schwenk 1965; 144 pp. 88 plates
$1 2.00 [Air postpaid]
from:
Re ieiner Press 3! load
L. wi
Er
or
$8.70 [postpaid]
from: WHOLE EARTH CATALOG
A Year from Monday
The question is: Is my thought changing? It is and it isn’t.
One evening after dinner, | was telling friends that | was not concerned with improving the world. One of the m said: | thought you always were. | then explained that | believe - and am acting upon — Marshall McLuhan’s statement that we have through electronic technology produced an extension of our brains to the world formerly outside
of us. To me that means that the disciplines, gradual and sudden (principally Oriental), formerly practiced by individuals to pacify
their minds, bringing them into accord with ultimate reality, must
now be practiced socially — that is, not just inside our heads, but out- side of them, in the world, where our central nervous system now is. This has brought it about that the work and thought of Buckminster Fuller is of prime importance to me. He more than any other to my knowledge sees the world situation-all of it-clearly and has fully reasoned projects for turning our attention away from “killingry” toward “livingry.” .. .
Coming back to the notion that my thought is changing. Say it isn’t. One thing, however, that keeps it moving is that I'm continually finding new teachers with whom | study. | had studied with Richard Buhlig, Henry Cowell, Arnold Schoenberg, Daisetz Suzuki, Guy Nearing. Now I'm studying with N.O. Brown, Marshall McLuhan, Buckminster Fuller, Marcel Duchamp. In connection with my current
studies with Duchamp, it turns out that I’m a poor chessplayer. My mind
seems in some respect lacking, so that | make obviously stupid moves. | do not for a moment doubt that this lack of intelligence affects my music and thinking generally. However, | have a redeeming quality:
| was gifted with a sunny disposition.
General Systems Yearbook
Everything we come across 1s to the point. Living umderground because there was no money. Arizona land and air permitted making mounds, covering them with Cement, excavating to produce rooms, providing these with skylights. For anyone approaching, the community was invisible. Cacti, desert plants: the land seemed undisturbed. Quantity (abundance) changes what's vice, what's virtue. Selfishness is out; carelessness is in, CWaste's
consciousness. “They think ‘world’... Theirs will be the most powerful and constructive revolution in all history.”} Lry. More we leave the land, the more productive it becomes. Technique for changing society: education followed by unemployment. Article by Avner Hovne on automation (Impact of Science on Society 15:1, Unesco publication). Continuity values giving way to flexibility values. Automation alters what's done and where we do it. You could always tell when she was about to go out of her mind. She would begin to speak the truth. April ‘64: fifty-five global!
UY,
A Year From Monday
from: John Cage We Universtiy Press 1967; 167pp. M mn, Conn. 06457
$7.92 postpaia Ww -ARTH CATALOG A YEAR FROW MONDAY
to wait XXXVI. Weather feels good eg Isn't Morc rain is needed. Water,
He played two games, winning one, losing the other. He was continually himself, totally involved in each game, unmoved by the outcome of either. What's the nature of his teaching? For one thing: devotion ( practice gives evidence of it). For another: not just playing half the game but playing all of it (having a view that includes that of the opponent ). Suddenly a clam rose to
General Systems Yearbook
General systems theory was introduced by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy some years back (one application has been systems analysis, which has recomprehended and redesigned much of business, technology, education, etc.). The General Systems Yearbook is edited by Bertalantffy and Anatol Rapo- port.
By definition General Systems is a mixed bag. Kinds of systems covered in the Yearbook include Biological, Social, Psychological, Games, Linguistic, Political, Cybernetic and Meteorological. Throughout is the search for common dy- namics that transcend them all. It's technical, mathematical business, heavy reading, and maybe trivial, maybe wishful; but ever here and there is a gleam of something that might be a window in to broad mindscapes.
The current volume of the Yearbook (1967) is Volume XII. Titles of articles, working back as far as we have space are:
The price of the Yearbook is
10.00 for recent volumes, ae ” ; ; or General 7.50 for earlier ones. © Remark Consolidated contents booklet available free. Eee = » + Mass. 01730
VOLUME IX (1964)
Sociometry and the Physical Sciences
Prediction in Physics and the Social Sciences
The Concept of Entropy in Landscape Evolution Geomorphology and General Systems Theory
An Approach to the Conceptual Analysis of Scientific Crises A Survey of General Systems Theory
The Set Theory of Mechanism and Homeostasis
Constraint Analysis of Many-Dimensional Relations
The Domain of Adaptive Systems: A Rudimentary Taxonomy Language Description of Concepts
Some Simple Models of Arms Races
The Problem of Systemic Organizations in Theoretical Biology
The Conceptual Formulation and Mathematical Solution of Practical Problems in Population Input-Output Dynamics
The Use of Mathematics and Computers to Determine Optimal Strategies
for a Given Insect Pest Control Problem VOLUME X (1965)
The Logic of Systems: An Introduction to a Formal Theory of Structure Mathematical Aspects of General Systems Theory
The General System as a Methodological Too! Toward a Theory of Parts and Wholes: An Algebraic Approach Systems Theory from an Operations Research Point of View Meteorology and the Social Sciences: Further Comparisons
Similar Problems in Meteorology and Psychology Methodological Problems of System Research
The Architecture of Complexity Metaorganization of Information
On the Emergence of Patterns of Order The Insect Corneal Nipple Array
On the Stability of Brain-Like Structures The Wholeness of Living Systems and Some Basic Biological Problems Some Considerations on the Notion of Invariant Field in Linguistics On the Origin of Order in Behavior
Toward a Unifying Theory of Cognition A Cognitive Approach to the Analysis of Cultures and Cultural Evolution Contributions to Stochastic Learning Theory The University Community System-Self-Regulated Bearer of Meaning Aspiration Levels and Utility Theory A Condensation of Warpeace Space
Concession-Making in Experimental Conditions On Some General Categories of Linguistics
Wheat on Kilimanjaro: The Perception of Choice Within Game and The Theory of Meta-Games
Learning Model Frameworks The Mathematics of Meta-Games
Models of Southern Kwakiutl Social Organization Benevolence in Game Theory
A Field Theory of Social Action with Application to Conflict A Taxonomy of 2 x 2 Games
VOLUME XI (1966 An Analysis of Duopoly Bargaining ( ) Two Motivations for Defection in Prisoner's Dilemma Games
Empirical Approaches to Game Theory and Bargaining: a Bibliography
VOLUME XII (1967)
GEnMERa SYSTEMS The Evolution of the Human Brain: Some Notes Toward a Synthesis Between Neural Structure and the Evolution of Complex Behavior
nr ee et ery Organismic Sets; Outline of a General Theory of Biological and Social Organisms
The Orderliness of Biological Systems
Colony Development of a Polymorphic Hydroid as a Problem in Pattern Formation
2 BS
A Geometric Model with Some Properties of Biological Systems The Regulation of Political Systems
Types of Asymmetry in Social and Political Systems
A Quantitative Approach to the Dynamics of Perception
Some Psychological Aspects of Psychometry
A Further Extension of General Systems Theory for Psychiatry
A Dynamic Model of the Conflict Between Criminals and Society Some Comparisons Between Traffic Deaths and Suicide
Crime Rate vs. Population Density in United States Cities: A Model Simulation of Socio-Economic Systems
An Empirical Test of Five Assumptions in an Inter-National Simulation About National Political Systems
Synthesis of Form
Christopher Alexander is a design person that other people refer to a lot. This book deals with the nature of current design problems that are expanding clear beyond any individual's ability to know and correlate all the factors. The methodology presented here is one of analysis of a problem for mistits and synthesis of form (via computer- translatable nets and hierarchies) for minimum misfits.
Indeed, not only is the man who lives in the form the one who made it, but there is a special closeness
of contact between man and form which leads to con- stant rearrangement of unsatisfactory detail,
constant improvement. The man, already responsible for the original shaping of the form, is also alive to its demands while he inhabits it. Any anything which needs to be changed is changed at once.
A subsystem, roughly speaking, is one of the obvious components of the system, like the parts shown with a circle round them. If we try to adjust a set of variables which does not constitute a subsystem, the repercus- sions of the adjustment affect others outside the set because the set is not sufficiently independent. The
(From the table of contents) 2.Goodness of Fi 15
3.The Source of Good Fit 28 procedure of the unselfconscious system is so 4.The Unselfconscious Process 46 5.The Selfconscious Process5 55
But if we think of the requirements from a negative point of view, as potential misfits, there is a simple way of picking a finite set. This is because it is through misfit that the problem originally brings itself to our attention. We take just those relations between form and context which obtrude most strongly, which demand attention most clearly, which seem most likely to go wrong. We cannot do better than this. If there were some intrinsic way of reducing the list of requirements to a few, this would mean in essence that we were in pos session of a field description of the context: if this were so, the problem of creating fit would become trivial, and no longer problem of design. We cannot have a unitary or field description of a context and still have a design problem worth attention.
organized that djastment cag take place in cach ome of these stiles stems iidepetetentiy, This is the reason far iis sticers.
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On Growth and Form
Fig 14). (a) Herpinin plumone Kr., (6) Sregocephalus influres Kr. : (ce) Hyperia puiba
A paradigm classic. Everyone dealing with growth or form in any manner can use the book. We've seen worn copies on the shelves of artists, inventors, engineers, computer systems designers, biologists. Would one of you do a thorough review of D'Arcy Thompson's venera- ble book for the CATALOG?
When Plateau made the wire framework of a regular tetrahedron and dipped it in soap-solution, he obtained in an instant a beautifully symmetrical system of six films, meeting three by three in four edges and those four edges running from the corners of the figure to its centre of symmetry. Here they meet, two by two, at the Maraldi angle; and the films meet three by three, to form the re-entrant solid angle which we have called a ‘Miraldi pyramid’ in our account of the architecture of the honeycomb.
The very same configuration is easily recognized in the minute siliceous skeleton of Callimitra. There
are two discrepancies, neither of which need raise any difficulty. The figure is not rectilinear but a spherical tetrahedron, such as might be formed by the boundary edges of a tetrahedral cluster of four co-equal bub- bles; and just as Plateau extended his experiment by blowing a small bubble in the centre of his tetrahedral system, so we have a central bubble also here.
This bubble may be of any size; but its situation (if
it be present at all) is always the same, and its shape is always such as to give the Maraldi angles at its own four corners. The tension of its own walls, and those of the films by which it is supported or slung, all bal- ance one another. Hence the bubble appears in plane projection as a curvilinear equilateral triangle; and we have only got to convert this plane
diagram into the corresponding solid to obtain the spherical tetrahedron we have been seeking to explain (Fig. 63).
Fig. 150. Potsprice.
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fh ths alters
The geometry of the little inner tetrahedron is not less simple and elegant. Its six edges and four faces are ali equal. The films attaching it to the outer skeleton are all planes. Its faces are spherical,
tie 6 A Nussellatian sacktun, € efter ogee ThE 1G
The engineer, who had been busy design- ing a new and powerful crane, saw ina moment that the arrangement of the bony trabeculae was nothing more nor less than a diagram of the lines of stress, or direc- tions of tension and compression, in the loaded structure; in short, that Nature was strengthening the bone in precisely the manner and direction in which strength was required; and he is said to have cried out, ‘That's my crane!’
(a)
(b)
Fig 63 Diagrammatic constrection of Callimitre, (a) A Dubble suspended wathir —, a tetrahedral cage: (bp another bubble within a skeleton of the former bubbie. .¢ -
and each has its centre in the opposite corner. The edges are circular ares, wilh cosine 4; cach is in a plane perpendicular to the chord of the arc opposite, and each hus its centre in the middle of that chord.
Along cach edge the two intersecting spheres meet cach other at an
Fig. E83 angle of 120°,!
AZOMs capres.
Fig. 101. Crane-head and femar
The greatest clue to the inner structure of any dynamic process lies in its reaction to change.
The Mousgoum cannot afford, as we do, to regard main- tenance as a nuisance which is best forgotten until it is time to call the local plumber. It is in the same hands as the building operation itself, and its exigencies are as likely to shape the form as those
of the initial construction.
The selfconscious individual's grasp of problems is con- stantly misled. His concepts and categories, besides being arbitrary and unsuitable, are self-perpetuating, Under the influence of concepts, he not only does things from a biased point of view. but sees them biasedly as well. The concepts control his perception of fit and mis- fit — until in the end he sees nothing but deviations from his conceptual dogmas, and loses not only the urge but even the mental opportunity to frame his problems more appropriately.
The solution of a design problem is really only another effort to find a unified description. The search for realization through constructive diagrams is an effort to understand the required form so fully that there is no longer a rift between its functional specification and the shape it takes.
Two misfits are seen to interact only because, in some sense at least, they deal with the same kind of physi- cal consideration... .
It is such a physical center of implication, if | may call it that, which the designer finds it easy to grasp. Because it refers to a distinguishable physical proper- ty or entity, it can be expressed diagrammatically and provides a possible non-verbal point of entry into the problem,
On Growth and Form D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Two volume edition 1917,1952
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Abridged paper edition 1917, 1961; 346 pp.
$2.45 postpaid
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Tantra Art
Ajit Mookerjee Hom, Rca Kurrer 1966. 100 pp ) Ave du Present Kennedy ra 16°, France
$33.00 postpaid & #°OLE EARTH CATALOG
a . | This ms the only art book in the CATALOG! | Suggested by Ann Hogie. Reviewed by Steve Durkee. |
Psychological Reflections
Jung in capsules and tasting like medicine.
The selection and editing of paragraphs from Jung’s writings by Jacobi is done with an informed sense of continuity, so that the book is readable in sequence or by bits.
In a world increasingly subjective, everybody is psychologists to one another. Here is one master book of tools.
Psychological Reflections C.G. Jung [ed. Jacobi] 1945, 1953, 1961: 340 pp.
$2.25 postpaid
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W'irct SARTH CATALOG
The man who would learn the human mind will gain almost nothing
from experimental psychology. Far better for him to put away his aca- demic gown, to say good-bye to the study, and to wander with human heart throughout the world. There, in the horrors of the prison, the asylum, and the hospital, in the drinking-shops, brothels, and gambling hells, in the salons of the elegant, in the exchanges, socialist meetings, churches, religious revivals, and sectarian ecstasies, through love and hate, through the experience of passion in every form in his own body, he would reap richer store of knowledge than text-books a foot thick could give him. The would he know to doctor the sick with real knowledge of the
human soul,
A neurosis has really come to an end when it has overcome the wrongly ego. The neurosis itself is not healed; it heals us. The man is ill,
but the illness is an attempt of nature to heal him. We can therefore learn a great deal for the good of our health from the illness itself, and that which appears to the neurotic person as absolutely to be rejected is just the part which contains the true gold which we should otherwise never have found.
The secret of the earth is not a joke and not a paradox. We need only see how in American the skull- and hip-measurements of all European races become Indianized in the second generation. That is the secret of the American soil. And every soil has its secret, of which we carry an unconscience image in our souls: a relationship of spirit to body and of body to earth.
The greater the contrast, the great the potential. Great energy only comes from a correspondingly great tension between opposites.
No one develops his personality because someone told him it would be useful or advisable for him to do so. Nature has never yet allowed her- self to be imposed upon by well-meaning advice. Only coercion working through casual connections moves nature, and human nature also. Nothing changes itself without need, and human personality least of
all. It is immensely conservative, not to say inert. Only the sharpest need is able to rouse it. The development of personality obeys no wish, no command, and no insight, but only need; it wants the motivating co- ercion of inner or outer necessities. Any other development would be individualism. This is why the accusation of individualism is a cheap insult when it is raised against the natural development of personality.
It is naturally a fundamental error to believe that if we see an anti- value in a value, or an untruth in a truth, the value or the truth is
then invalid. They have only become relative. Everything human
is relative, because everything depends upon an inner polarity, for everything is a phenomenon of energy. And energy itself necessarily depends on a previous polarity without which there can be no energy. There must always be high and low, hot and cold, etc., so that the process of adjustment which is energy, can occur. The tendency to deny all previous values in favour of their opposites is therefore just as exaggerated as the former one-sidedness. Where generally accep- ted and undoubted values are suddenly thrown away, there is a fatal loss. Whoever acts in this way ends by throwing himself overboard with the discarded values.
The gigantic catastrophes that threaten us are not elemental happenings of a physical or biological kind, but are psychic events. We are threat- ened in a fearful way by wars and revolutions that are nothing else than psychic epidemics. At any moment a few million people may be seized by a madness, and then we have another world war or devastating rev- olution. Instead of being exposed to wild beasts, tumbling rocks and inundating waters, man is exposed today to the elemental forces of his own psyche. Psychic life is a world-power that exceeds by many times all the powers of the earth. The Enlightenment, which stripped nature and human institutions of goods, overlooked the one god of fear who dwells in the psyche. Fear of God is in place, if anywhere, before the domination power of psychic life.
The Human Use of Human Beings
Norbert Wiener is one of the founders of an n-dimensional inhabited world whose nature we've yet to learn. He is also one of the all-time nice men.
A proper sequal to his Cybernetics (see p. 32), this book is social, untechnical, ultimate in most of its consideration. Its domain is the whole earth of the mind.
The Human Use of Human Beings Norbert Wiener 1950, 1954; 288pp
$1.25
From
A ~ ks
2 _. 55th Street Ne ®&., N.Y. 10019 Oo” F750 900k stores
It is the thesis of this book that society can only be understood through a study of the messages and the communication facilities which belong to it; and that in the future development of these mes- sages and communication facilities, messages between man and ma- chine and between machine and machine, are destined to play an ever-increasing part.
Messages are themselves a form of pattern and organization. Indeed, it is possible to treat sets of messages as having an entropy like sets of states of the external world. Just as entropy is a measure of dis- organization, the information carried by a set of messages is a measure of organization. In fact, it is possible to interpret the information car- ried by a message as essentially the negative of its entropy, and the negative logarithm of its probability. That is, the more probable the message, the less information it gives. Clichés, for example, are less illuminating than great poems.
| believe that Ashby’s brilliant idea of the unpurposeful random mechanism which seeks for its own purpose through a process of learning is not only one of the great philosophical contributions of the present day, but will lead to highly useful technical developments the task of automatization. Not only can we build purpose into machines, but in an overwhelming majority of cases a machine designed to avoid certain pitfalls of breakdown will look for purposes which it can fulfill.
We are not stuff that abides, but patterns that perpetuate them- selves. A pattern is a message, and may be transmitted as a message.
It is illuminating to know that the sort of phenomenon which is recorded subjectively as emotion may not be merely a useless epi- phenomenon of nervous action, but may control some essential stage in learning, and in other similar processes.
It is the great public which is demanding the utmost of secrecy for modern science in all things which may touch its military uses. This demand for secrecy is scarcely more than the wish of a sick civilization not to learn the progress of its own disease.
No doubt it is a great nuisance that mankind is not uniform
but compounded of individuals whose psychic structure
them over a span of at least ten thousand years. Hence
is absolutely no truth that does not spell salvation to one
and damnation to another, All universalisms get stuck in terrible dilemma.
The Ghost in the Machine
Koestler's latest book seems to be sharing the fate of Norman O. Brown's Love’s Body: the book after the big influential
one (Act of Creation, Life Against Death) is considered too far out, fragmented, excessive .. . and sells half-heartedly.
Nevermind. Koestler here is doing useful dirty work: savaging rat psychology, exploring broader implications of bio-
logical systems research, and foreseeing our imminent de- mise unless we organize our brain-use better. Which brings him to drugs. He proposes research to find a chemical which will voluntarily disengage old-brain from new-brain—the inte- rior emotional kill-heavy unreprogrammable stuff from exte- rior rational flexible stuff. Our paranoia is accidentally des- igned in, he suggests, and may be designed out.
Get to it outlaws. No nation is going to support this research.
from: Macrr lan Company Fre + > Brown Streets
The Ghost in the Machine
Riv Burlington County Arthur Koestler ‘ 1967; 384 pp. Ne y 08075
or $6.95 postpaid Wr. ARTH CATALOG The Year 2000
LO NC A OS Set ne
Is Herman Kahn the bad guy (as liberal opinion would have it) or a good guy (as in some informed opinion)? Kahn will hang you on that question and while you're hanging jam infor- mation and scalding notions into your ambivalence. He does this best with a live audience, but this book is a fine collect- jon of the information he uses.
Here is most of the now-basic methodology of future study— multi-fold trends, surprise-free projections, scenarios, etc. And here are their results. It’s the best future-book of the several that are out.
In my opinion, it is not particularly an accurate picture of
the future but the most thorough picture we have of the present—the present statistics, present fantasies, present ex- pectations that we’re planning with. We are what we think our future is.
\f computer capacities were to continue to increase by a factor of ten every two or three years until the end of the century (a factor between a hundred billion and ten quadrillion), then all current concepts about computer limitations will have to be reconsidered. Even if the trend continues for only the next decade or two, the improvements over current computers would be factors of thousands to millions. If we add the likely enormous improvements in input-output devices, pro- gramming and problem formulation, and better understanding of the basic phenomena being studied, manipulated, or simulated, these esti mates of improvement may be wildly conservative. And even if the rate of change slows down by several factors, there would still be room in the next thirty-three years for an overall improvement of some five to ten orders of magnitude. Therefore, it is necessary to be skeptical of any sweeping but often meaningless or nonrigourous statements such as “a computer is limited by the designer—it cannot create anything he does not put in,” or that “a computer cannot be truly creative or original,” By the year 2000, computers are likely to match, simulate,
or surpass some of man’s most “human-like” intellectual abilities, including perhaps some of his aesthetic and creative capacities, in ad- dition to having some new kinds of capabilities that human beings do not have. These computer capacities are not certain; however, it is an open question what inherent limitations computers have. If it turns
out that they cannot duplicate or exceed certain characteristically
human capabilities, that will be one of the most important discoveries of the
twentieth century.
from: The |. acmillan Company Front anc Brown Streets
The Year 2000 Herman Kahn and Anthony J. Wiener
1967; 431 pp. Ri Burlington County N xy 08075 $9.95 postpaid or
WHe — Es:,RTH CATALOG
ESCAPE FROM SPECIALIZATION
There is now strong evidence in favour of the theory, proposed by Garstang as far back as 1928, that the chordates—and thus, we, the verebrates —are descended from the !arval stage of some primitive echinoderm, perhaps rather like the sea-urchin or sea cucumber (echinoderm = ‘prickly-skinned’). Now an adult sea cucumber
would not be a very inspiring ancestor—tit is a sluggish creature which looks like an ill-stuffed sausage with leathery skin, lying on the sea bottom. But its free-floating larva is a much more promising proposi tion: unlike the adult sea cucumber, the larva has bilateral sym-
metry like a fish; it has a ciliary band—a forerunner of the nervous system—and some other sophisticated features not found In the
adult animal. We must assume that the sedentary adult residing on the sea bottom had to rely on mobile larvae to spread the species far
and wide in the ocean, as plants scatter their seeds in the wind; that the larvae, which had to fend for themselves, exposed to much strong-
er selective pressures than the adults, gradually became more fish- like; and that eventually they became sexually mature while still in
the free-swimming, larval state—thus giving rise to a new type of ani- mal which never settled on the bottom at all, and altogether elim- inated the senile, sedentary cucumber stage from its life history.
This speeding up of sexual maturation relative to the development of the rest of the body—or, to put it differently, the gradual retard- ation of bodily development beyond the age of sexual maturation— is a familiar evolutionary phenomenon, known as neoteny. Its result is that the animal begins to breed while still displaying larval or juvenile features; and it frequently happens that the fully adult stage is never reached—it is dropped off the life cycle.
This tendency towards a ‘prolonged childhood’, with the correspond- ing squeezing out of the final adult stages, amounts to a rejuvenation and de-specialization of the race—an escape from the cul-de-sac in the evolutionary maze. As J.Z. Young wrote, adopting Garstang’s views: ‘The problem which remains is in fact not “how have vertebrates been formed from sea squirts?” but “how have vertebrates eliminated the (adult) sea squirt stage from their life history?” It is wholly reasonable to consider that this has been accomplished by paedomorphosis.’ . . .
Neoteny in itself is of course not enough to produce these evolution- ary bursts of adaptive radiations. The ‘rejuvenation’ of the race merely provides the opportunity for evolutionary changes to operate on the early, malleable phases of ontogeny: hance paedomorphosis, ‘the shaping of the young’. In contrast to it, gerontomorphosis (geras = old age) is the modification of fully adult structures which are highly specialized. This sounds like a rather technical distinction, but it is in fact of vital importance. Gerontomorphosis cannot lead to radical changes and new departures; it can only carry an already specialized evolutionary line one more step further in the same direction—as a rule into the dead end of the maze... -
DRAW BACK TO LEAP
It seems that this retracing of steps to escape the dead ends of the maze was repeated at each decisive evolutionary turning point. | have mentioned the evolution of the vertebrates from a larval form
of some primitive echinoderm. Insects have in all likelihood emerged from a millipede-like ancestor—not, however, from adult millipedes, whose structure is too specialized, but from its larval forms. The conquest of the dry land was initiated by amphibians whose ancestry goes back to the most primitive type of lung-breathing fish; whereas the apparently more successful later lines of highly specialized gill- breathing fishes all came to a dead end. The same story was repeated at the next major step, the reptiles, who derived from early, primitive amphibians—not from any of the later forms that we know.
And lastly, we come to the most striking case of paedomorphosis, the evolution of our own species. It is not generally recognized that the human adult resembles more the embryo of an ape rather than an adult one.
THE Year 2000
| + eee fee SPPCh a) Ge Ge
180 BEAT THUETY HeREE Yeas
TABLE IX
The Postindustrial (or Post-Mass Consumption) Society
1. Per capita income about fifty times the preandustrial
2. Most “economic” activities are tertiary and quaternary (service-oriented },
rather than primary or secondary ( production-oriented |
3. Business firms no longer the major source of innovation
4. There may be more “consentives” (vs. “marketives”’)
5. Effective floor on income and welfare
6. Efficiency no longer primary
7. Market plays diminished role compared to public sector and “social accounts” Widespread “cybernation™ “Small world”
to. Typical “doubling ume’ between three and thirty years 11. Learning society
12. Rapid improvement in educational institutions and techniques 13. Erosion fin middle class) of work-oriented. achievement-oriented. ad-
yancement-orrented values 14. Erosion of “national interest” values
1s. Sensate, secular, humanist, perhaps self-indulgent criteria become central
Figure 10 is from Garstang's original paper, and is meant to represent the process of evolution by paedomorphosis. Z to Z9 is the progres sion of zygotes (fertilized eqgs) along the evolutionary ladder; A to AQ represents the adult forms resulting from each zygote. Thus the black line from Z4 to A4, for instance, represents ontogeny, the transforma tionof egg into adult; the dotted line fram A to AQ represents phyloge ny—the evolution of higher forms. But note that the thin lines of evolutionary progress to not lead directly from, say, A4 to AS—that would be gerontomorphosis, the evolutionary transformation of an adult form. The line of progress branches off from the unfinished embryonic stage of A4, This represents a kind of evolutionary retreat from the finished product, and a new departure toward the evolution- ary novelty Z5-A5. A4 could be the adult sea cucumber: then the branching-off point on the line A4-Z4 would be its larva; or A8 could be the adult primate ancestor of man, and the branching-off point its embryo—which is so much more like the A9Q—ourselves.
FIGURE I0
(after Garstang); see text
But Garstang’s diagram could also represent a fundamental! aspect of the evolution of ideas,
The revolutions in the history of science are successful escapes from blind alleys. The evolution of knowledge is continuous only during those periods of consolidation and elaboration which follow a major break-through. Sooner or later, however, consolidation leads to in- creasing rigidity, orthodoxy, and so into the dead end of overspecializa- tion—to the koala bear. Eventually there is a crisis and a new ‘break-through’ of the blind alley—followed by another period of consolidation, a new orthodoxy and so the cycle starts again.
But the theoretical structure which emerges from the break-through is not built on top of the previous ediface; it branches out from the point where progress has gone wrong. The great revolutionary turns in the evolution of ideas have a decidedly paedomorphic character. Each zygote in the diagram would represent a seminal idea, the seed out of which a new theory develops until it reaches adult, fully matured stage. One might call this the ontogeny of a theory. The history of science is a series of such ontogenies, True, novelties are not derived directly from a previous adult theory, but from a new seminal idea—not from the sedentary sea urchin but from its mobile larva. Only in the quiet periods of consolidation do we
find gerontomorphosis—small improvements added to a fully grown estab-
lished theory. . . .
At first sight the analogy may appear far-fetched; | shall try to show that it has a solid factual basis. Biological evolution is to a large ex- tent a history of escapees from the blind alleys of overspecialization the evolution of ideas a series of escapes from the bondage of mental habit; and the escape mechanism in both cases is based on the prin- ciple of undoing and re-doing, the draw-back-to-leap pattern.
The Futurist
In part because the Future is a new field of methodic study, this is a lively newsletter. It reports bi-monthly on new books books and programs having anything to do with social fore- casting. Future study is like education: everybody thinks they're good at it. The newsletter has some of that diluted flavor, but it doesn’t matter. Useful pointing at useful activities done here.
from:
We ure Society
Rr 9285
2c t Station
We an, D.C. 20036
“FUTURIST
Neen eres Hee Verge + trent
The Piet Peve QCeeturios A Preapectiwe Hixtory Based on Content Tred
The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller
The most graphic of Fuller's books (it's about his work, by Robert Marks). Consequently it is the most directly useful if you are picking up on specific projects of his such as domes, geom- etry, cars, demographic maps and charts, etc.
The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller Robert W. Marks
f 1960; 232 pp. pg
$1 0.00 postpaid re
‘ Illinois University
Grand
)° BUCKMINSTER FULLER
Fuller Sun Dome
The most readily available plans for a geodesic dome are these. The $5 cost includes construction license. Built of wood strips and cheap polyethlene skin, the dome can be built up to 30 feet diameter.
For more elaborate plans you should correspond with
Fuller's office, Box 909, Carbondale, Illinois. [Suggested by Ken Babbs]
a2 1 Wie wastes 1a
Geodesic Sun Dome
from 1966 Sun Rome $5 00 ; F Science Monthly 2 postpaid K igton Avenue * y N.Y, 10017
Popular Science
Space Structures
> *
This is a big fat reference book on domes, trusses, cable nets, forms that will keep the rain out in a big way, or elegantly hold water or electric lines up in the air. The book resulted from the International Conference on Space Structures held in London in 1966. It’s said to be the first comprehensive book book of its kind. Very heavy book; it'll either help you or discourage you, depending on how far into construction you are.
eke
~
ee eh
We could use an informed review on this one. If we don't get it we'll drop the book.
Space Structures R.M. Davies, ed. 1967; 1233 pp.
$46.50 postpaid
from:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 605 Third Ave.
New ) rk, N.Y. 10016 or
Job v & Sons, Inc. We stribution Center 15: 1 Redwood Road
Jieeoe Pentece of the dufceqend bare end Chptmced sudkee and pews
from: “Feilure of a Come of Great Seon”
Salt — —. Gity, Utah 84104
ent rerce
fiepere «1. Site token eqn arcs fever) thee covite of tite ener
Tensile Structures, Volume One
> 4 The only pavillon of Expo 67 more beautiful Soe Sse that Fuller's U.S. Dome was the West :
German tent, designed by Frei Otto. He is currently the master of structures whose flexible skin is the prime structural element. Volume One of his 2-Volume work is devoted to Pneumatic Structures — air houses plus. Every designer we know who's seen this book has commenced to giggle and point, jump up and down, and launch into enthusi- astic endorsement of Otto, design, being a designer, and look at this here.
The book is comprehensive in its field, tech-
ically
ume Two of Tensile Structures, shortly available for $18.50 from MIT is presumably equally good.
+ As
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Tensile Structures Volume One
Pneumatic Structures Frei Otto
~ 1967; 320 pp. 1660 illustrations
$22.50 postpaid
from:
re" "7 Press
Cc *e, Mass 02142 a
Hh =4RTH CATALOG
The: saddle surface of the inside:part has'a smaller If two soap bubbles of different diameters form 4 twin bubbic
area than the outside, which is not a saddie surface.
The torus differs from all other pneumatically (hig. 10), the diaphragm 1s curved. Hf the membrane stresses are
tensed membranes by this characteristically saddle- ? é i
dhanedi:eecion:.,fhecticcihon wiitie' We-eptieres equal, the gas pressure p in the smaller bubble ts higher than that _—
forming the torus are strung need not be in the same in the larger bubble The relationship between the radi r,. ry. 7; \ }
plane, nor need the spheres have equal diameter. } it ts given by |
Here, too, unlimited variations are possible, subject Pals Patr (P, Pode, 1
to the general laws of formation, and to those partic- n- - - . et
ular to closed hoses. 3 ? ?
—_—_— ca e . Fis a a ; oz bea, "= Vans Hina vy Ses Poe lea ” ls A Membrane of heavy fabric or wire with | | transparent plastic coating. B Annular foundation. {all | EON OY Cc Air inlet in air-conditioning tower having » Nemec ap BRS SEM ainsi rotatable cap. D Guide-vane annulus to adjust position of cap. - E Heat exchange in air-conditioning tower. H Heating and cooling plant. N Used air extraction, In winter, the used air heats the fresh air ina | Humidifier Oo Pressure regulation valve. counter-flow arrangement. K Ring main. P Exhaust discharge. F Blower S Underground distribution line serves also to heat ground. Q Air lock accessible to trucks. G Air baffles. M Warm air discharge
Dome Cookbook
Drop City, Colorado, a rural vacant lot full of elegant funky domes and ditto people, has been well photographed and poorly reported
in national magazines. Visitors and readers simply assumed that the domes were geodesic Fuller domes, which some indeed are. But most of them were designed by another guy who designed to another geometry: Steve Baer.
This tabloid contains the crystallographic theory and junkyard practice behind Baer’s domes: from how to distort a polyhedron without affecting connector angles to how to chop the top out of a car without losing your foot. From all we can determine, Baer's theory is unique in architecture. So is his practice; instead of dying of dissertation dry rot, his notions stand around in the world bugging the citizens.
The Dome Cookbook is published by Lama Foundation, an intentional community in New Mexico, built largely of Baer domes.
fro—
La’ ndation Bc
Se bal, New Me ’564
today's arrangement as totaly unnecessary. the tetmarethy eee pee «tl fhe gant oe fhe Will these pillars of society as they feel cg! temp smh Toke ake quel the structure trembling to lift up and away tha tadbwrer tbr L TET E attatch themselves hoping to hold it down, ot hoping to keep the status quo, Will that be @ joke- something pretending to carry while being oarried/? : a = ” 1 . : a "68 2iaads. EI ov 88 fs a . a 3 EI ‘ ASP.8", 3S of 448 S&S &ps8 g jumd natn 4 saplodad pet dyad £ osm& au rE by ; : ; edad FE LET a escdad® oidsng Ree 4 nr awnn< a er ie eres a wht wilt an, > = -a fe sae alah Pad jum ey wt ae nant saheg 3 amhae Bs 4 | anSp ne Te a rg sao Pe: eee *) : & Sencgth: 2 & cagra*ess q to aR MKB Poe aa = § the plow du plew +9 a. EME S Thee ge" P 83340 mead tent us Anis Good News % How many people do you know who got salle their grant? Edwin Schlossberg got his — from ‘s ' Rockefeller Brothers to put out a broadside | a of good news, six times a year, free of charge. | | | Schlossberg’s appreciation of what is news f 4 | and what is good is demonstrated by the con- H tents of the current issue: J ‘The Future as a Way of Life’ e Alvin Toffler “ ~ ‘Education for Real’ John McHale ‘The Prospect for Humanity’ - 1 R. Buckminster Fuller ' ‘Diary: How to Improve the World (You Will Only t oy & Make Matters Worse)’ John Cage ‘Information Explosion-Knowledge Implosion’ not ditt Wt how that th these t) +f John McHale HOON RIA US HOW at with these types of con ‘Logical Structure of Environment and its es, SyMbGh Led on an “idealized” neuron in Fig 4b Internal Representation’ ately @aritation jyes!, inhibition [na|. or excitatios Heinz von Foerster true ynhibition jfalse;] a single neuron es in a positean wv compute vat.ous “logical functons”, and small nets of [Why is this item not in Whole Systems? nly three neurons are capable of computing all hgica! Partly oversight — partly that it's kindred to functions of the form “A and B’. “A or B". “i A so B Baer.] Aon asalert B'. A cr oct B", etc. where A and B arr
from:
Good News Edw’. Sshlossberg 12 13th Street Ne N_Y. 10011 Free
six issues this year
A highly sophisticated configuration is shown in
Fig. 2¢ which presents the results of the first
3 x 3 37h. <2
Are we working at a new society= load sharing intelligently put together, one that will someday reveal the load bearing pillars of
When you are putting up a dome panel by panel you often have to use poles to support the wobbly sides as they close in toward the center. When we were putting up the second to last panel in the shop dome we had three poles in strategic spots to hold the wob- bly overhanging panels from collapsing. The poles were nailed at the top so they wouldn’t fall away if during a moment's strain the load were lifted up and off of them. The panel was an 8’ x 19" and extrem- ely heavy. We put it up with an inadequate crew, two men and two women. We struggled for an en- tire afternoon the last few inches Albert Maher pushed from on top of a spool resting on top of
the cab of his pickup which we had driven into the dome. It was touch and go a clamp might slip, Albert might collapse, the poles might buckle, Each one of many failures seemed equally as probable as getting the monster joined to the neighboring panels. A huge shove, some quick work with the crow bar and clamps — Albert eased off and it still held, | took a few more turns on one clamp and added another one — it was a sure thing, we had it in place!
It felt as if the panel had been lifted into place by some incredible wave we had created that now washed back as we put down tools and Albert got down off the cab. But there was one last thing to check — the poles, were they dangerously bowed under this new load. The entire sensation in my head began for a moment to turn inside out when
Haily vellad “lank at tham” hit than | eau what it
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two active afferent anons
A student of this structure, who does not know how it is created, will come to the conclusion that this “molecule” is built of two kinds of “atoms”, one black (+) and one while (-), with shapes as sug-
gested in Fig. 2d, which obey a law
forces them to bind into higher structures such
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This is a wonderful quality of space, we can eat it up in different sizes and shapes in infinite numbers of ways.
If we adopt a family of angle regular or merely angie similar polygons to be used as floor plans of rooms, city blocks, etc. one further property we will almost certainly want 1s that the figures don't, aa we place them side by side, have gape appear, dead Spaces which we can not accupy with any of our figures, It is likely that our plan will not be a dense packing, we ourselves will make gaps between the polygons, but we don't want their’ position imposed upon us:
“a - ie ated snob “, poorest * ’ hates fad spt =
Heinz von Foerster
of nature that
200,000 steps of the motion of four spots each of which has the same constraints as our spots before, with the additional constraint that they all interact weakly with each other in the sense that they “repel” each other when they come too close (the transition probability for turning away from each other is slightly increased when near), and that they “attract” each other when they go too far (the transition probabil-
ity for turning toward each other is increased when apart), Clockwise circumnavigated squares are paint- ed black. Since there are only 256 steps visible in this pattern, it is clear that some of the steps must have been repeated several thousand times. Hence, this pattern has reasonable stability.
that opposite signs attract. We may smile at the naiveté of this natural scientist who discovers these “laws”, because we know that this whole pattern is generated by only four spots zooming around like mad in an almost random fashion. However, we should not forget that the accent lies on the almost. That is the crux of my thesis: Small constraints are sufficient to produce considerably ordered structures. Hence, the discoveries of our natural scientist are not so naive after all; he only puts his knowledge into a different language. The two descriptions are equivalent
D (+) c
Architectural Design
This is the only architectural magazine we've seen that consistently carries substantial new information, as distinct from the stylistic eye- wash characteristic of most architecture jour- nals. It galls my jingoistic soul to see the Bri- tish publishing so much of the best techno- logical information (cf. New Scientist, p.24; Industrial Design, p.25; Sculptor’s Manual, p.30; TV Production, p. 39). Dave Evans, a local Australian whiz, says it's because English bright guys don’t have much to grip them com- mercially, so they spread their brightness around. (Also they flock to America in search of commercial ferocity.)
Anyway, here’s to more fluid information. Architectural Design
$1 Li - .50 postpaid
* © oneyear(monthly) fre
A ral Design 2 sbury Way Les: VC 1. Enaland
Triggered by a lack of space, and wanting to do something, a group of architectural students at MIT last year spontaneously rebelled against the constraiming environment of their drafting rooms, Scroumging materials, working clan- destinely, they shifted block partitions and erected a series of mezzanines or platforms within ther mvo-storey drafting rooms (centre). Three architecture students, Stern, Hanks and Owen, describe below the process as they saw tt.
The design faculty, also cramped for space, solved therr own problems more conventionally, through outside designers and contractors, This failed tw generate a corresponding level of excitement, commitment or sense of achievement,
The Japanese House
Without getting all sentimental and exotic we're still going to agree that Japanese make better houses than anybody else (they also have the fastest growing economy in the world, but that’s another story — or is it?). If you're going to build your own house and don't mind some inspiration on the subject, this book was laboriously made for you. It's a great big Christmas present of a book full of yummy photos and diagrams and details of technique, all of which seems right within reach: |-can- do-it. Nice cure for nothing-can-be-done-be-
cause-it’s-too-damned-big industrial blues. [Suggested by Tassajara Zen Center]
$27.50 may choke you up in which case try Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings, $2.50 from Dover Publications, Inc., 180 Varick Street, New York, N.Y. 10014
SECLUSION IN BUILDING is an essential instrument for establishing, or preserving, the freedom of man. For, only in solitude can man escape from the coer cion to which he is subjected when among the masses.
Shoji paper is the “glass” of the Japanese house.
its qualities, however are of a different nature, and thus, also are its effects. The light, broken already
by the broad overhand of the eaves, is diffused by
the paper and creates a characteristic light condition comparable to twilight. This situation does not change basically even if the evening or winter sun hits the paper directly. No glare, no shadows; a general gloom creates a soft, emotional atmosphere. With artificial light in use, the shoji paper shows its reflective-dif- fusing ability, and at night with lights turned out,
might even offer an interesting shadow play the moon has staged with the old weather-worn pine tree. As time passes, the paper darkens. Here and there, a torn piece is carefully cut out and replaced by new, lighter paper. The paper pattern becomes, though irregular, more interesting and lively. The paper ages, as does man.
The Japanese House — A Tradition for Contemporary Architecture
Heinrich Engel 1964; 495 pp
$27.50 postpaid
frorr:
or > E Tuttle Co; Inc. i Vermont 05701 c
Ww . TARTH CATALOG
apts Siac |
@rensicnng of roel pod Foyaeukn according “kru mode uid, beta
Capsutized freak out
Metal to rubber of asphalt ribbons plugged into Vietnam and the price of acrosolied ketchup thru W.D.BJ. Sear City via the chromium telescoping finger. 700 miles of the great highway turn on, 13 hours of kecen-sel! survival service and all the gear to keep the wheels flying, the gut full, and the mind blown on soul and acd, and rune-in, cat, and flash, rush, Onc South and zapp it forward, gas-up; and hum and sink into supa-fit vinyl pads and watch it all. All the cardboard cities and the X-ray of us all on the giant billboards. And buy me, lay me hot dog- burgers. Blink, zip me into bed and flash past a thousand Kleencx sleeperies — oe try’ to break up the big h consume hy- res, Papen. an alligator tin Sian t a nude-serviced cat.
urements are given.
Topic
To make each house so personal, individual and well-adapted to its inhabitants, that 100,000 houses will be as different from one another as 100,000 people are,
Author Christopher Alexander, June 1967.
Pattern
IF: there is given any dwelling—apartment or house, irrespective of the number of inhabi- tants. (This pattern may also apply to certain other buildings like offices which require an individual and personal character.)
THEN: every wall, (both interior and exterior) ts to be 3-Sft deep, and made of hand-carvable- space-frame. Floors are to be 2-3ft deep, and also made of hand-carvable-space-frame. Definition:
Hand-carvable-space-frame is to be interpreted as follows. It is a mgid space frame, with an exterior vertical surface made of materials which are readily available on the retail market, and casily cut, modified, painted, nailed, glued, replaced by hand, using only tools available at any hardware store. Possible examples are wood, plywood, fibreglass, styrofoam, polystyrene... . The space frame is to be made highly redundant, so that large sections of it may be removed without weak- ening it. It is also made so that pieces or sections may be added to it in such a way that these sections become continuous with, and indistinguishable from, the original surface.
THE japanese alejet-y—)
A TRADITION FOR CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
IASI I>
<p nS \ <j HSS sy Me ARS SSC Se Sires 15 hen ee
HEINRICH ENGEL
Once the room requirement is decided, the separate rooms are sometimes cut out in paper and children and parents individually try to achieve the best room arrangement on the ken grid. One mat arrangement = is finally decided upon and wall openings, picture re- bs cesses (tokonoma), closets, etc. are listed. No meas- Everything is controlled merely
nent by the ken grid and the mat arrangement.
Audel Guides
We've seen no series of individual technique publications more complete than the Audel books published by Howard Sams and Company. However, we're not proficient enough
in this area to critique particular manuals against others their field. Suggestions and reviews invited.
This part of the WHOLE EARTH CATALOG should be one
All the following prices are postpaid. Automobile Guide (AUD-1) $6.95 Home Appliance Service Guide (AUD-2) $6.95 Radiomans Guide (AUD-3A) $5 Television Service Manual (AUD-3B) $5 Handy Book of Practical Electricity (AUD-4) $5.95 Truck and Tractor Guide (AUD-5) $5.95 Plumbers & Steam Fitters Guides - 4 Vols. (AUD-6) Painting & Decorating Manual (AUD-7) $4.95 Carpenters and Builders Guides - 4 Vols. AUD-8) set $16.95 Diesel Engine Manual (AUD-9) $6 Welders Guide (AUD-10) $4.95 Mathematics and Calculations for Mechanics (AUD-11) $4.95 Machinists Library (AUD-12) $13.50 set Wiring Diagrams for Light and Power (AUD-13) $4 Home Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Guide (AUD-14A) $6.95 New Electric Library 10 Vols. (AUD-15A) set $25 Answers on Blueprint Reading (AUD-25) $4.95 Masons & Builders Guides - 4 Vols. (AUD-26) set $10.50 Electric Motor Guide (AUD-27) $5.95 Oil Burner Guide (AUD-28) $3.95 Sheet Metal Pattern Layouts (AUD-29) $7.50 Sheet Metal Workers Handy Book (AUD-30) $3.95 Mechanical Drawing Guide (AUD-31) $3 Mechanical Drawing and Design (AUD-32) $3.95 Questions & Answers for Electricians Exarns (AUD-34) $3.50 Electrical Power Calculations (AUD-35) $3.95 ‘ New Electric Science Dictionary (AUD-36) $3.50 Power Plant Engineers Guide (AUD-37) $6.95
Alaskan mill
We've heard almost nothing about how good this ‘one-man sawmill’ is, but we've heard plenty of statements of need for
such an item. If you get one before we do, let us know about it.
The ALASKAN JR. is a lightweight, one-man lumbermaker. Drill 3 holes in the blade and simply mount on your own chain saw. It is easy to operate, and mills accurate smooth, full dimension grade one
lumber-wherever you need it, even in remote areas.
SIMPLY MOUNT THIS ATTACHMENT TO YOUR CHAINSAW
no special tools or alterations are required. It’s as simple as changing bar and chain. Use with one or two motors, either direct or gear With this attachment you can make all the lumber you need. All perfectly dimensioned beams, railroad ties, cabin logs, hardwood cants, etc. Thr Alaskan is avail-
drive with 6 or more horsepower.
able in 6 models.
Teves aliery gw O*, te woe binds 4% ect sates trange F ‘ee
“ hLPEe Hanne =O 9: widest er ree wwtieee
$57.00
Alaskan, Jr. for blades 16”-24" 20 Ibs. postpaid for complete unit: Alaskan, Jr. bar and chain, helper handle, oiler kit, guide rail brackets, file and guide, and 7 hp Mono power unit.
Complete Alaskan (minus engine) for logs to 20”
- bated ares new ye tS
$333.58
in
Pee* ag
Pav aor
Pulm et
bP aur 20133
Pao Shes
Questions & Answers for Engineers & Firemans Exams (AUD-38) $4
Pumps, Hydraulics, Air Compressors (AUD-40) $6.95
House Heating Guide (AUD-41) $5.95
Millwrights & Mechanics Guide (AUD-42) $6.95 Do-It-Yourself Encyclopedia 2 Vols. (AUD-43) $8.95
Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Guide (AUD-46) $4
Gas Engine Manual (AUD-48) $4
Outboard Motor & Boating Guide (AUD-49) $4
Encyclopedia of Space Science - 4 Vols. (AUD-50) set $19.95 Domestic Compact Auto Repair Manual (AUD-52) $5.95 Foreign Auto Repair Manual (AUD-53) $5
Programmed Basic Electricity Course (AUD-54) $4
Home Workshop & Tool Handy Book (AUD-55) $5
Home Modernizing & Repair Guide (AUD-56) $2.95
Practical Chemistry for Everyone (AUD-57) $5.95
Home Gas Heating and Appliance Manual (AUD-59) $3.50 Practical Guide to Mechanics (AUD-61) $4
Practical Mathematics for Everyone - 2 Vols. (AUD-66) $8.95 Architects and Builders Guide (AUD-69) $4
Handbook of Commercial Sound Installations (AUD-92) $5.95 Practical Guide to Tape Recorders (AUD-93) $4.95
Practical Guide to Auto Radio Repair (AUD-94) $4.50 Practical Guide to Citizens Band Radio (AUD-95) $4.95 Practical Electronics Projects for the Beginner (AUD-96) $4.95 Practical Guide to Servicing Electric Organs (AUD-97) $4.95 Practical Guide to Building Maintenance (AUD-99) $4.95 Practical Guide to Fluid Power (AUD-100) $6.95
Practical Science Projects in Electricity/Electronics (AUD-102)
$ Seabee
Ad teen i¢ an
at
on ork eee
42 |bs. (other sizes available).
power unit
Alaskan mill
re 3
Kir arprises, Alaskan Div. Pi 27
He Virginia 23860
SP cw cine
{ Carpenters and Buitders Guide |
fig. 3. The tressed-rofter gambrel bora reef.
postpaid for complete Alaskan, with 9 hp Mono
dTion (7
iq F 8nd
a ROCK OR CONCRETE |. A mathod of erecting a post. Note the rock or concrete of SORA NG SOTO ESS NEES eee angles with a slumb
fror Th 2| & Company 43 62nd Street Ino ‘is, Indiana 46206 Fastening Tools
TAPERED S1DES PARALLEL SIDES x
ON SMALL AND LARGE
$4.95 tendency for the screwdriver to rise, no matter how is exerted.
IT’S EASY TO MAKE LUMBER WITH THE ALASKAN HER
IST Lit
Attac’ Stab Rail (or 2vid) to log adjust roller to lower ‘lade and remove TOP SLAE.
2X0 CUT Use saun Surface as roller guide, raise roller assembly, renove
ACCESSORIES
BOTTOM SLAB. ue + hm gamber prasntag 3RD CUT Turn Log 90°, use slab rail Square tt sides $267.50 remove 3RD SLAB. $419.95
LUMBER CUTS Adjust roller to any thickness. It makes lumber any width or thickness as needed.
Village Technology WOVEN CH WATTCE ConmsTeecriod
a ae
tT
VITA (Volunteers for International Technical Assistance) is the only source of specific practical information on small- group technology that we've found. But what a source.
They have prepared a two-volume “Village Technology Hana- ee 4 book" for overseas use by the U.S. Agency for International 2 Development that is ideal for rural intentional communities. s This handbook now is in revision; the new edition should be . available as of December, 1968 - inquire for price. : Also VITA has a catalog of funky tools — Village Techno- 7 logy Center Catalog — available free. For the items listed t 8 hey will supply plans for making the tools, or rent or sell ? the items — inquire for price. 7: VITA has a series of specific papers that cost very little 12
(eg. 30¢). Titles include “Low-Cost Development of Small 13
Water-Power Sites”, “How to Salt Fish”, “Making Building c -
Blocks with CINVA-Ram”, “Solar Cooker Construction — 15
Manua!”. 16
17
18
19
20
vir =
impus Crt Aon, storage vit re
uy, N.Y. 12308
VILLAGE TECHNOLOGY CENTER
CATALOG
The "BEEHIVE" BUILDING, so shape, is unusually well adapted for use as farm out-buildings (chicken houses, storage sheds and granaries). It is cheap to build because the walls are only 25 cm thick and come together to form the roof. Sun-dried bricks are suitable construction material in dry areas; stabilized earth or burned brick plus a covering of water-proof plaster must be used in areas with high rainfall.
named because of its "BEEHIVE" BULLDING
Cat.No. M-103 Building instructions only
"BEEHIVE" BUILDING is
Tue construction of the
CONSTRUCTLON simple and can be done by unskilled people using JIG for the JIG shown. The JIC is designed to swing com- “BEEHIVE” pletely around while the free end serves as a BULLDING guide pole. By laying the bricks against the end of the guide pole, the building is kept perfectly circular and the walle are brought in to form the
“beehive shape. Base and fitting only; poles must be provided locally. Cat.Ne. M= 103A Diameter: 3" - Lenath: 36" We. 30 lbs. a rn ee eens eee camaeinplliagn niles: techn tiisimtencameniiecieeiibaiss. |. ‘cuhissiontioemmccnntteisninnigalimtan sania Seno WOODMAKER'S
CUTTING BENCH
Cat No. M116
EVAPORATIVE FOOD COOLER
Cat.No, M-83
vIRW ALows Lime A VITA SOLAR bend “de o “she Fe 7 ota COOKER ee ee Cat.No. M-73
Rovipment for which suitable designs @re being sought or developed for inclu- sion in future catalog supplements:
Animal harness 28 Clothes wringec Tractors 29 Chlorinator
Moldboard plows 30 Sterilizer
Harrows 31 Baby incubator
Seed planters 32 Baby scales
Grain drills 33 Automatic flush toilet Cultivators 34 «6Solar food dryer Dusters 35 Solar still
Sprayers 3% Soil mixer
Threshing machines 37 «Sifting apparatus
Concrete mixer
Concrete block machine Concrete block forms, wood Wheelbarrows
Winnowing machines
Seed cleaner
Rice huller and polisher Oil seed press
Farm cart 42 Flashlight projector Rice drying equipment 43 Photo enlarger Incubators 44 Bamboo science equipment Brooders 45 Playground equipment Peanut sheiler 46 Arc velder
Pumps 47 Spot welder
Deep well pump 48 Blacksmith's forge Rotary centifugal pump 49 Sheet metal brake
Diaphragm pump 50 Sheet metal rolls
Hydraulic ram 51 Kiln
Well drilling equipment 52 Potter's wheel
Well casing forms 53 Bobbin winders
Sawdust heating stove 54 Spinning and weaving equipment
SOLAR WATER HEATER
aBB TRACT
To provide hot water, primarily =r ween for washing clothes, in areas where \av\. sone Pos comme
fuel ts scarce and sunshine is pien-
SAND OR GRAVEL
A = Protective drainage ditch to keep drainage water a safe distance from spring
BS Orginal slope and grownd fina C = Sereened outhet pipe can discharge freely or be piped to village or residence
This ingenious CUTTING BENCH has @ vise at one end in which a block of wood could be held by pressing on a foot treadle--leaving both hands free to operate tools, It is a very useful device which has application in a number of situations. One of ite earlier uses was for holding wooden shingles while tapering with a draw-knife.
Size: 20"*72"%42" _We,100 Ibs.
In warm and dry climates, an EVAPORATIVE FOOD COOLER will extend the period for keeping food fresh and preserve leftovers. It also helps to keep crawling and flying insects away from food.
The COOLER operates on the principle of evapora- tion of water from the heavy cloth cover which is kept wet at all times by absorbing water from the pan in which the cooler stands.
It will got work in damp and humid areas.
Size: 17"%13"«57" We. 26 lbs,
ine VITA SOLAR COOKER is designed to be sturdy, relatively easy to make, easy to repair and low in cost. It uses the principle of the Fresnel reflec- tor which concentrates light and heat.
The COOKER--when used in areas having more than 2000 hours of sunshine per year--provides the heat equivalent to 500 watts (which will boil a quart of water in 12 to IS minutes).
Larger models of the COOKER can be provided.
Size: $2"%46"«50" We. 24 lbs.
- ko PS ee ee tC
The Indian Tipi
Tipis are cheap and portable. To live in one involves intimate familiarity with fire, earth, sky, and roundness. The canvas is a shadow- play of branches by day, people by night. Depending on your body’s attitude about weather, a tipi as a dwelling is either a delight or a nuisance. Whichever, you can appreciate the elegant design of a tipi and the complete- ness of the culture that produced it.
The Laubin’s book is the only one on tipis, but it is very good. All the information you need, technical or traditional, is here, and the Laubins are interesting people.
Later we discovered that the idea of a ventilating pipe underground to the fireplace is the very best way of insuring a clear lodge and the most heat.
It is a joy to be alive on days like this, and when
we come back to the tipi, after a long ride or a hike in the mountains, the little fire is more cozy and cheer- ful than ever. The moon rides high in the late fall nights, and when it is full, shines right down through the smoke hole. Its pale white light on the tipi fur- nishings, added to the rosy glow of the dying fire, is beautiful beyond description.
.
dry?
—h Gy Mar le wepe 02 ae}!
Peek oP ote ; ert ee amt twa Wet ot Oe $
Fic. 9. Avecting rhe Sioux Teg Tipis
We have word about three sources in the U.S. of ready-made tipis, and so far Goodwin-Cole is still the best — best construction, lowest cost. They also have tipi liners, which you will need if weather is wet or cold.
For the following, shipping weights are undetermined. Inquire, or have the item sent shipping cost C.O.D.
10 oz. white duck 10 oz. flame treated
white duck 10° diameter $55 $83 14’ diameter $66 $98 20’ diameter $1 08 $1 54
10-foot is suitable for nomadic couple; 14-foot for small family. 20-foot for extended family or occa- sions. Flame-treated is unpleasant; law requires it
in some places. Tipis of green, blue, orange, red or yellow drill are available. Poles are available if you're that lazy.
fre
G -Cole Company
1 ambra Bivd.
€ ito, California 95816
The Indian Tipi
© ead 6 eps Lane
Ozu, RK
TPG
i
The Indian Tipi Reginald and Gladys Laubin 1957; 208 pp.
$4.95 postpaid
from:
Unive sity of Oklahoma Press
Sales Wice
Fe xchange
N Dkla. 73069
oO}
Ww =ARTH CATALOG
teyerne
eo
Indians had definite rules of etiquette for life in the tipi. If the door was open, friends usually walked right in. If the door was closed, they called out or rattled the door covering and awaited an invitation to enter. A shy person might just cough to let those inside know he was waiting. If two sticks were crossed over the door, it meant that the owners either were away or desired no company. If they went away, they first closed the smoke flaps by lapping or crossing them over the smoke hold. The door cover was tied down securely and two sticks were crossed over it. The door was thus “locked,” and as safe in Indian society as the most strongly bolted door would be in our civilization today.
Sewzings he oy b
mentite 08 CORE Pup % wae 4 8g pt Th mete! & rete: pet Roms +19 I"
Oe ale
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Wiken fer Mem and oul ety: Ab Gemenaions geen are fed, . . E a PPL wo frome 8 pnctety from wrens set Wirt ng | A
Fic. 1. Pacrern for Ssomx Tipe (18-foot).
Aladdin Kerosene Lamps
Outed oar manele seams basen of cower bfire eating.
Coleman lamps are terrible — they hiss and clank and blind you, just like civilization.
Aladdin is the answer if you need good light and 117ac isn't around. It is bright, silent, and requires no pumping. (It does require some babying to keep the mantle from smoking up; it's like not burning toast.)
British made and efficiently designed, the lamps are available in this country from:
A! ndustries, Inc. K Lamp Division fh Tennessee 37210
Some of the Aladdins are rather ornamental. simplest designs are B-139 Font Lamp (aluminum)
$15.97 and B-223 Hanging Lamp
$22.63 (shade extra: $2.60)
C.Q.D. the shipping costs.
The Indian way of attaching peg loops, as illustrated, is not only ingenious but easy and sturdy — far better than either sewn or stamped grommets. Insert a peb- ble about 3/4 of an inch in size on the under side of the cover about six inches above the edge, at a seam wherever possible, and around this pebble tie a piece of 3/15-inch cord. Double the cord, tie it in either
a square knot or a clove hitch about the pebble, then join the free ends in a square know. Marbles will do
if you cannot find smooth round pebbles.
: 1 Outsae of
Cover)
Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth
This book of almost 1200 pages is the result of a major confer- ence held in 1955, sponsored by the Wenner Gren Foun- dation for Anthropological Research. More than 50 scholars submitted papers, covering almost every imaginable point of view related to man’s capacity to transform his physical environment. Though first presented nearly 15 years ago,
the facts and insights are richly rewarding today. In my opinion in fact, it is an unsurpassed achievement in assembling pertinent, insightful information of interest not only to serious students of the planet Earth, but to non-trained readers as well.
The three sections of the book are: |. “Retrospect”, an historical background, II. “Process”, methods and agencies involved in man’s interactions with the land; and Ill. “Prospect”, the
effects and future implications of man’s hab- itation of the Earth. Some typical subjects covered within these sections include: fire as the great force employed by man; origins and decline of woodlands; man and grass (sic); ecology of peasant life; harvests of the seas; ports channels and coast lines; and sewerage (don't belittle sewerage — society is struc- tured around it).
lowosre, Harace
™ me i
This book rewards a reader like me because of its minimum of moralizing and its abundant substance. Edgar Anderson, director of the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis and without whom such a book as this would be certainly incom- plete, pointed out that the average thoughtful person has little inkling of how man has reclothed the world. Even professional biologists have been tardy in recognizing that
a significant portion of the plants and animals surrounding us are of our own making. For example, neither Kentucky bluegrass nor Canada bluegrass is native to those places, but came from Europe. The corn belt is a very obviously man- dominated landscape, but the casual observer might never realize that even the grass covered and oak-dotted stretches of what looks like indigenous California vegetation came
uninvited from the Old World along with the Spaniards. [Reviewed by Richard Raymond]
(_ — -
Two Mushroom Books
Finding a strange, slimy, luminous colored growth on dark rotting wood is surprise and pleasure; to extend that expe- rience into identifying it and possibly EATING it is even better. For the beginner one batch of mushrooms can occupy a whole day, from finding them, through waiting for a good spore deposit and making a decision, to cook- ing them. An efficient guidebook is essential to avoid frustrations.
Alexande
$6.95
1962; 133 pp.
from
On a tramp through the fields and forests, carry with you a small jar of butter, creamed with salt and pepper. On finding any edible mush- room (except morels or elfinsaddles), collect a few dry sticks and fire them. Split a green stick (alder or willow) at one end, Put the mush- room in the cleft, hold it over the fire until tender, season with the butter. Eat from the stick.
from “The Savory Wild Mushroom”
ras sagen y,
The Mushroom Hunter’:
1958; 1967; 264 pp.
postpaid from LU * "ty of Michigan Pre € * University f , Michigan 4810 c Ww .- EARTH CATALOG
The Savory Wild Mushroom Margaret McKenny
$3.95 postpaid
u y of Washington Press Vashington 98105
EARTH CATALOG
Generally speaking, the plants which follow man around the world might be said to do so, not because they relish what man has done to the environment, but because they can stand it and most other plants cannot.
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Kem Henne
Almost every change in environmental conditions which man can
make results in some change in the water economy or water budget
at the earth's surface. The pressure for beef supply from the grasslands is very rapidly depleting the potential for protein. Where the plow went
ahead of the cow, we have been able to measure the reduction in soil capabilities. The protein content of the wheat now grown on the eastern edge of the grassland area has been dropping decidedly. Where once it ranged from 19 to 11 per cent, it is now 14-9 per cent.
These are all very good ideas, but I've got something else that is very
much more important. every time you get where there is one of
these populations of plants, find a large, flat rock, in the shade if
necessary; sit down upon it for a least fifteen minutes by your wrist
watch; and do not try to think about your clematises, Just think what
a nice day it is, how pretty the flowers are, and the blue sky. Think
how lucky you are to be doing this kind of work when the rest of the world is
doing all the awful things they do not want to do. Just let
your mind alone. Now, | am not joking. Please do this, by the lock
if necessary. ———-_-—
——— op Te FS te
pee | on ° . | < aT ~ ¢ gal ersth IN CHANGING THE FACE AL ce ge athe oF . Man's Role in Changing <A ue ae ae OF THE EARTH | the Face of the Earth | 608 db Boda t ~ Ty f° 8} ” William L. Thomas, ed. — ; Elite bay Witte LT 1956; 1193 pp. i: Cr te ET <= . | | $1 5.00 postpaid = ao | “| ls o 6" ix OY from: ~ a” f be i, Ui , of Chicago Press of bs 1% uth Langley Ave. > aie P «3 v a Ba c llinois 60628 ‘ ‘ or © a z ‘1 WG “ARTH CATALOG ‘ida Ss 5 Soy Bia vd is ag — al
—_ © « The McKenny book is 5 compact, but not especially well organized for use. It contains clear and concise descriptions of 83 varieties of fungi, some of them peculiar to the Puget Sound region, the rest common throughout the U.S., and
33 black-and-white and 48 color photographs. There is also an article on mushroom poisons and the many fine recipes make one want to rush to the woods and immediately gather baskets of Chanterelles, Morels and Ceps. Not so easy!
Smith's book, which | prefer, is more technical in language and scope, although, as a field guide, it avoids identification methods involving microscopes and chemicals. It is much more complete, covering 188 varieties with a black-and- white photo of each plus 84 color photos, and it is organ- ized in keys which are super to use if you like being methodi- cal. It is not necessarily true, however, that it is quicker
to follow the system: in thumbing through either book, as
in wandering in the woods, luck and perseverance further. {Suggested and reviewed by Sandra Tcherepnin]
rH. Smith
ee ceo my, Neti Me Sa si picesiowa Te teedapa te whe ae be ieee myeenres Bar Leuk Wreeming ean HF
ee ee ) Vow 10k Fone. ond OD
oe
164. COPRINUS ATRAMENTARIUS (INKY CAP) Edibility. Edible, but some people experience a peculiar type of intoxication from eating this species and afterward drinking an alco-
holic beverage. | have now discovered three people in Michigan with this type of sensitivity. from “The Mushroom Hunter's Field Guide"
KEYS TO FAMILIES
1. Gills turning black and “melting” at maturity Coprinus, in the family ee
1. Gills not liquefying at maturity ...... ... 2 2. Gills free from the stalk cacti 3 2. Gills attached to the stalk - . 6
3. Spore deposit chocolate brown to blackish and mature gills the same color, ring present on stalk ‘ The Agaricaceac 3. Spore deposit and mature gills paler .... ...... 4 4. Spore deposit pink to vinaceous or reddish; mature gills about the same color The Volvariaceae (Pluteus magnus) 4. Spore deposit white (greenish in one)... 5 5 Volva present around base of stalk or remains of outer veil present on the cap The Amanitaceac 5. Volva absent; inner veil present; cap tf scaly with the scales ingrown and usually of appressed hairs (fibril- lose ) Chlorophyllum and Leucoagaricus 6. Spore deposit white .c pale lilac, yellow, or pakies buff “from The Mushroom veenear's Fee Guede"
a
“4
|
Organic Gardening How {fo Grow Vegetables and Fruits by the Organic Method
In the month that | have had my copy of “How to Grow Vegetables and Fruits by the Organic Method,” | have browsed it and refered to it for so many different reasons, out of so many different moods, that | can’t decide if its resting place on the shelf is among my other “how-to” books or somewhere between the poetry and books on oriental religion.
But | shall worry about that problem when the time comes, if it does. Right now I'm digging into it so often and with such delight it doesn’t need a place on a shelf. | keep it in handy reach on the dining room table.
This book is the definitive manual on organic gardening.
It is loaded with information, 550,000 words spread over 926 pages. It is wondertully illustrated with pictures that are precise and useful, as well as pleasing to the eye. Ina pleasant, relaxed prose style, the style of people who ob- viously have spent more time in the garden than in the lib- rary but who at the same time are so confident of what they're saying their words ring hard and true, the editors
of this manual have gathered together every fact that one would need to know to become a successful organic gardener, almost anywhere in the United States.
Vitamin Losses
Vegetables to be cooked should be handled in the same manner as saiad vegetables. Gather immediately before using or else wash, dry and store in « cool place. If they are left at room temperature and in the light, much folic acid, vitamin B, and 50 per cent or more of the vitamin C in most fresh vegetables can be lost in a few hours. ™
Inoculate Garden Legumes -
If you are planning to grow any beans, peas or peanuts in your garden this spring, why not take time out to inoculate the seed with nitrogen gathering bacteria? It will certainly be worth your while.
1G Rock Mulch 2 ERB 3-in Leas Mulch
3 coos t-in Compost
“aa Top Sol $QO Small Rocks
q (Mix-Compost, Top Soil, Leaf Mould,
+ Large Tin Can
5B Mixture~ Compost, Phosphate Rock Peat Moss, Leas Mould, ak Re a ee 10 4-in. Drain Tile Top Soil, Phosphate Rock 3 feet I oe
Several “secrets” are invoived in this diagram ing the large center stone, you also mulch with In addition to digging an outsize hole and us rocks and leaves and install adequate drainage.
you eat, food from flowers is
monthly), $3.00 per year.
This book has another quality one does not always find in gardening manuals: it is well organized. The first part is about the soil; the second part is about vegetables, the third part is about fruit, and the closing pages are devoted to nut culture and herbs.
In Section one, there are chapters on how to improve the soil; make compost; start plants from seed; watering and irrigation; when to harvest; fall and winter gardening; controlling insects; greenhouse gardening.
Section two looks closely at some 100 vegetables, giving a page to each vegetable, artichokes through zucchini, and what amounts to a brief essay that describes the history, vitamin content and how to raise each individual vegetable.
Another section does the same with some sixty varieties of North American fruit, from apples and apricots to water- melons and youngberries.
In addition, there are scores of charts and graphs that pro- vide a complete planting guide for all the listed vegetables and fruits. Each geographical region of the United States and its peculiarities are accounted for. One table, for instance, Is titled, “Planning Guide for a Family of Five in Washington.” Categories of information for gardening in Washington include planting dates, growing period, length of the garden row, amount of seed, depth to plant, distance between rows, and distance between plants.
The first edition of this authoritative book was written in 1877 by Mr. A.I. Root. The current edition, the 33rd, is edited by Mr. R. Root, with the help of H.H. Root and J.A. Root. You get the picture.
We've been told by several people that bee-keeping is one of the easiest ways to make extra money with little effort and a certain amount of down-home adventure. If you are what
From whatever standpoint — commercial, nostalgic, or amateur
scientific — this is a fascinating and useful book. The Roots \ also have a catalog of bee supplies, a beginner's book (Starting * Right With Bees), and a magazine (Gleanings in Bee Culture— \
[Suggested by Tassajara Zen Center]
MARKETING HONEY.—The bee-
How to Grow
Vegetables
and Fruits by the
4
\
| $10.19
f fre ; yj Roc.ale f <ee6 Minor St.
Cig coh WHOLE EARTH CATALOG
The entire book is that detailed on every subject it takes up.
A Tier-Shelf Bed for Mushrooms
hard to beat. \
One need not, however, intend raising food for a family of five before this book can be useful to you, and a a pleasure. | find it absolutely stimulating just as reading matter. It’s pleasing in the way that thumbing through a catalog filled with delights you crave can be pleasing. Browsing in this book reminds one of fundamental things, of soil and water and air, and one’s own involvement in the natural scheme of the world. The book is beautiful in the way that native crafts are beautiful: it’s alive aesthetically at the same time that it's useful. That's more than one can say about most novels. | own very few books I'd rather have than this one. | recommend it to gardeners of all shapes and sizes, and to aware people in general who enjoy reading books whose themes, images and metaphors are drawn from the world
of nature. [Reviewed by Gurney Norman]
But we are more concerned here with the “meat-eaters” — birds which prefer to eat millions of insect life. A few birds prefer an all-insect diet. They include barn swallows, swifts, house wrens, gratcatchers,
flycatchers, brown creepers and some of the several species of warblers.
Their bills are long and straight, or long and curved; or they may be short and whiskered; whippoorwills and the nighthawk family belong to this group.
Universal Mill
| first ran across C.S. Bell's grinders at the Keams Canyon trading post between the Hopi and Navajo reservations. Then | found one in the VITA catalog: “grinds coffee, corn, soy beans, sugar, mixtmal (for tortillas or arepa), garbanzo, seeds, peppers, spices, cocoa, peanuts, wheat, meat, salt, oats, buckwheat, bananas. . . . and like products (wet or dry)." So we ordered one and here it came, with all the grace and precision of a fire hydrant — | had to file the main
‘ axle for an hour to get it into the handle. It’s fire hydrant red too.
ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture
' | Ad. Ret ete. N\A] 187° 1966; 712 pp. ie $5 * - dstpaid
In cool weather, so far as conditions will permit the time selected for handling the bees should be between 10 o’clock in the morn- ing and 3 in the afternoon. In warm weather the operator should never stand in front of the entrance— al- ways to one side. First, a little smoke should be blown in the en- trance. The cover should be lifted gently and more smoke blown be- tween the cover and the hive be- fore the hive is opened. More par-
keeper with four or five colonies of bees will have no difficulty in selling honey to his neighbors. It soon be- comes known that he has a few hives of bees and the people in the vicinity, feeling that they can buy “real hon- ey,” will go to the neighbor and pay good prices furnishing their own utensils. If the honey is of first quality there is no trouble about sell- ing the entire crop from the door- way
Starting Right With Bees Catalog Free 100 pp
$1 .00 postpaid
The Prongs are made of thin strips of brass and are so sensitive that they spread eas- ily to let the bees through at the apex.
Porter bee escape. two V-shaped
After the bees the springs, the points
fly back to position, shu off qa return.
If the prongs are bent or damaged they should be reset to 1/16-1/8-inch apart.
= Root Company hio 44256
-—— ee ee *
_
But sure enough it grinds stuff and doesn't cost much. C.S. Bell also has power driven grinders and a hand corn sheller.
La Campanita fupis Se .S. Bell Company © “oro, Ohia 45133
$11.55 8 Ibs. shipping weight
Organic Method
ed. J.I. Rodale and staff
1961; 926 pp.
postpaid
Books, Inc.
The Way Things Work
The Way Things Work from
Best book for the bathroom we've seen. Nibble your way to knowledge of technology. Each two pages of the book is a bunch of text and a bunch of diagrams on all the big
pens to data-processing. If you develop time travel, it might be interesting to take this book back to the sixteenth century and leave it under some European’s pillow. (Now think about contact with alien civilizations.)
Introduction to Engineering Design
Out of a whole section of books on design in the Engineering Library at Stanford, this book looked far the best. Recently Steve Baer (dome and solar designer) came across it on our editing tables, sat down and paged, then got up and hurriedly wrote a letter to a friend about the book and its author. | asked Steve to pick out some use- ful quotes and pictures and he wouldn't. “Look anywhere you open it,” he advised, then ordered a copy.
Contents of the book include: The Engineering Problem Situation, Design Project Organization, Information and the Need Analysis, Identification of the Problems, Infor- mation Sources, Synthesis of Alternatives, Estimation and Order-of-Magnitude Analysis, Engineering and Money, Preliminary Design, Engineering Problem Modeling, The Iconic Model, Conceptual Representation, Expansion of the Criterion Function, Checking in Engineering Design, Optimization, etc., etc.
OUY
Fig. 7.4 Possible water channel sections. Water supply project for mountain cabin.
WATER SUPPLY FOR MOUNTAIN CAMP
For another simple example, let us estimate how we would bring water from a running stream into a tank (let’s say a 50-gallon
gravity tank) to supply water for a vacation cabin in the woods.
A natural supply point is 100 ft. away upstream, guaranteeing among other things a clean, continuous water supply. Our problem is transport. Shall we use pipe, an open rick-lined channel in the ground, or a wooden flume or trough? See Figure 7.4.
As we think about this, we disregard the open channel in the ground as too easily contaminated. The pipe could be laid on the ground; and the wood flumes could be suspended from tree trunks and possibly covered as shown by the dashed “board” in the illustration. Thus, we have two reasonable ways of doing this job; the questions now concern cost and convenience.
Next we check the sizes needed. If we wanted the 50-gal tank filled in 15 min, we would need a flow of about 4 gal/min. This is a stream of water about as big as a person's finger when the water is flowing two feet per second, as shown by the equation in the footnotet deriving the cross-sectional area, A, of the stream.
This area would require a pipe one inch in diameter. If we were using the wood “vee” channels, we need two boards each
about three inches wide to avoid splashing over, or one-half board foot per running foot of channel (per foot of channel length). (A board-foot is one square foot of wood, one inch or less thick.)
1967; 590 pp. Sim > ° Schuster 2 Fig. 2 marine reas 6 ) Avenue perso
$8.95 postpaid t <, N.Y, 10020 c j woter outlet guide vanes W EARTH CATALOG “i
and little gadgets and processes you can think of, ball-point
VISCOSE PROCESS
distribution of itt weight
A) = \\ x a eo | aa LF
resultant lift
\
« ge!
preweng
do9008-8 3 fo i Ss, bob me | tpinmng beh, wohing j eo (OO ag! 6 OC steetehing washing @ 1°] —— ae Ob
~ volute
blade setting for high output
water inlet
Fig. Th SECTION THROUGH 4 FRANCIS TURBINE
water intet
Fig. 3 PROPELLER OF KAPLAN TURBINE
Introduction to Engineering Design
Thomas T. Woodson 1966; 434 pp.
& $9.95 postpaid
from: McGraw-Hill Book Company
Princ ton Road B Hi, wn, N.J. 08520
N ~-er Road i N» © =:er, Missouri 63062
ze ¢ Br" 8 wood Highwa Pe, ec, Whe € ghway
Novato, Calif. 94947 bok:
Fig. 6.2 A sketch that changed automobile ignition. (Courtesy General Motors Corp.)
or WHOLE EARTH CATALOG
Now we need to arrive at costs. The most convenient reference is
a broad-coveraged catalog (such as that of Sears, Roebuck), in which wood, metal, and other supplies can be found listed at retail prices. Of course, one can also phone the retail plumbing or lumber suppliers. In any case, we find
Wood: 15¢-20¢ / board-foot in the sizes we need 1 in. iron pipe: 30c / ft 3/4 in. copper pipe: 58c¢/ ft (One size smaller than iron pipe for the same flow rate.) Assuming one-half board-foot for each running foot of wood channel, the comparisons are
Wood: 10¢ / running foot, materials only tron: 30¢ / running foot, materials only Copper: 60¢ / running foot, materials only
Since we would do the work ourselves, the cost of labor is disregarded, and it seems that wood should be our choice. On
one final check though, we ask whether these are all the choices. Someone suggests plastic pipe, so we look that up: It is corrosion- resistant, flexible, easily connected, sanitary; it has a smooth interior; it could be in one piece and simply laid on the ground. It seems to be a natural choice. The price of 3/4in. diameter plastic pipe is 10¢/ft; 1-in. diameter is 16¢/ft. Considering the labor needed with wood or
iron pipe, or the cost of copper tubing, and the plastic’s sanitary 6000S DISTRIBUTION advantages, the plastic pipe (high-density polyethylene) is certainly
—------ RAW MATERIAL
INFORMATION
the preferred choice.
Thus our final estimate is the use of this plastic tubing, probably 3/4-in. diameter at 10¢/ft.
t A=Q/V (area = flow/velocity) CONSUMPTION
where Q = 4 gal/min = 1000 cu in./min (1 gal = 231 cu in.) V = 2 ft/sec = 24 in/(1/60 min) = 1500 in./min
“DESIGN is a part of PLANNING + PLANING is 8 part of PRODUCTION
Fig. 3.7 The production-consumption cycle,
A = 1000 cu in/min _ 9/3 sq. in. const ; showing the place of engineering design.
1500 in./min
The Measure of Man a ee
Pe ceseemen.cavemes tape waemueacs Sam aaa SN i Sah i" “ oT) | Ser gt tT a | L | Geet naneel ome tigal io If you're designing something for use by people, you don't i} it if \ i awl |, / ise | have to start from scratch figuring out what size people are Hi ; 3s Ss ac | Sakae has so that your thing will fit. Henry Dreyfuss has done most RES it af] vee of it for you, measuring lengths and angles of standing and 24 Rye J |! ns es : A s be I ts dee ise sitting men, women, and children, visual data, hand require- nT 3 hide i ener enne ETN RODS DEF soe rll
ments, display and control shapes and ratios, openings,
. Secengs £m ees ar environmental tolerance zones, reaction times, growth r Se onreereet A we Statistics, etc. It's all assembled on thirty 9” x 12” charts, PRA aR Reseed) ao \ plus 2 life sizers, and some text. Handy item. $0 % ie : 2+ no Shemp 2d tine a magni The Measure of Man - Human Factors in Design Atos ey ie $ Ott », o Henry Dreyfuss : © toy iin 1959, 1967 ee Ts $1 2.50 postpaid from: ec beer x wed W.°-Se-cibrary of Design # sgoerttor as | teenie 1 = n St. roms sancstity eat Now. gas N.Y. 10022 rt “5 % Some 2 weet ter‘ wvgh terrae oy '! Cdcum ¢ reves Mar apauttanans iam | agi Mernceies &" mum Im mae oncramensy of I” © beg engin 109-110" for mes. peed! prevewe (96 1D totcal a” eh mee increments af uo mms se + rion te $96 980 mene waerruse © 1900 mene onevruss BASIC CONTROL DATA, PART 2 7 Mane PTOL Ce FOR TORS Leste tericHcs note: preter sor otierup hendien aweder WROLd mtg iM recon 1045 OF renntence % ered pes) “tit we iRS wp te tS mers ove coer tC we oas ter cheer Sta ean 5 Se lines recnseed PrmGt® PECESS Pu POCHES owivenes omy habtager \PSimens3 genes mary ee —— f , seas: 7 "| {O t \ ' ? ” oe Hinges tie 8° ‘ 7 3hOrD Serrohons, ° “3 ; recs . kf oy tule Owerd markings of whos! 0e : ssay vn eeteel cos of tatneee Homes ? aces bength of recess 35 ler 4 togers SSP See aaesenes Se Peer packard chested it oi - : © ree ters nt rruss . Thomas Register Thomas Register of American Manufacturers a published annually in the summer : $30.00 ostpaid Let it all hang out: 7 volumes, 10,000 pages, 50,000 product — ads, 70,000 classifications. It's the great American industrial fram yellow pages-and like the yellow pages, an education. If the TH”. Publishing Company Sears Catalog will tell you where American consumption is at, 4B Avenue TR tells you what's happening in production. And if you're No S. N.Y. 10001
trying to make the switch toward production, TR can help
you find what you need. also available in most libraries
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New Scientist
New Scientist is the best evidence we've seen that there are new scientists in the world, young, politically aware, irreverent, active. Every week here's yet another blue New Scientist (if you get behind reading, it’s hopeless), full of actual news, critique, and gossip of the research world, The magazine is British, so you get perspective on U.S. accom- plishments (flattery nonetheless), and report of worldwide activities unreported in most American journals. The Ariadne column is a
geln: [Suggested by Steve Baer]
A device with more than a little of the Daeda- lus magic about it was unveiled at Stanford University, California, last week. As part of the finals in a mechanical engineering course, students were asked to build a machine capable of climbing a flight of stairs. Everybody's favourite was a robot which strutted to the top, wheeled, fired a small cannon at the onlookers, waved a Nazi flag, gave a rousing rendition of “Deutschland uber Alles”, gave the Nazi salute . and then blew itself to bits. If all else fails, a million dollar job must surely await this young engineer at California’s famed Disneyland.
TRENDS AND DISCOVERIES
Two physicists at the University of Rochester, by means of a beautiful experiment, have proved Dirac’s contention that the interference patterns
of light are produced by single photons interacting with themselves
Should sportsmen take dope?
Last week, a report of an apparently outstandingly successtul.experiment in extra-se.isory perception appeared in the ‘‘establishment” scientific literature for the first time for more than twenty years. Is ESP scientifically respectable at last? AR IA B)\Y FE
HE ENERO & Supereved wutiler @
EXTRA SUNSOnY OERCEP TOON AR ORT UIQ oteen. ed
Recently, Solomon Snyder and _ Elliott Richelson of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, were playing around with molecular models ofa number of psychedelic drugs, It suddenly occurred to them that each of their models could be formed into a con- figuration that approximated certain elements of the drug d-lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD. From this chance observation Snyder and Richelson have now developed an elegant model that can predict a molecule’s psychedelic potency from its structure (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. vol. 60, p. 206).
Alcohol may form drugs in the brain
The new substance, however, will be unique in being addictive and nothing else—in mathematical parlance the first “trivial” drug. Being totally bland and insipi 1, and making nobody happier even tem- porarily, it will neither attract the attention of the Mafia or the kick-seeking young, nor call down denunciation from the elderly, repressed puritans of the Bench. Its undetectable influ- ence will restore the junkies and compulsive pill-gulpers to such normality that they may scarcely notice their dependance on this symp- tomless nonentity. But Daedalus fears that he may. have been anticipated—that he has
Cutting The Cord Complicates Afterbirth ’ (C.H.). NCO All the way = stumbled upon the secret of a certain American Obstetricians, albeit with the best will in the world, } 25% — DNA soft drink.
have for about 300 years been meddling unnecessarily’
with the process of childbirth, and possibly even t 0 N—CH CH3 CH; é
causing avoidable complications. Dr. M.C. Botha, a \ 3 H 7 CH H3 H
South African obstetrician, suggests that by cutting 4 d N Nae all
the cord as soon as the baby is born, they may rob ie”
the infant of about 90 millilitres of blood—no smail c CH,
measure in a new-born baby. And by tying the cord
using 2
Scientific American
Good Old Scientific American.
Crops without Tillage new machine method for plhuting
A row crops such as corn and soybeans promises to increase U.S, agricultural prodictivity by cutting the time usually spent in preparing the land with plow and harrow. In northern farm regions with short growing seasons the “no tl- lage”. planting machines ensure miavi- mam growing tinie and greater vields per acre; in southern farmlands, after the early-summer harvest of winter-grown grains, the machines allow a second crop
farming at the annual meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engi- neers in June, W. R. McClure of the Uni- versity of Kentucky stated that the time- saving technique had become popular in his area soon after modified corn plant- ers became available in 1967, capable of sowing corn and soybeans in harvest stubble and even in unbroken sod. In ad- dition to the time and money saved by omitting conventional tillage, McClure noted, the no-tillage system affords su- perior erosion control and, because it leaves natural mulch undisturbed, is far less wasteful of soil moisture than plow- ing and harrowing are. McClure and his associates at the university conclude that Kentucky farmers could eventually im- crease their earnings by more thas. 5150 million a year by adopting dr practice.
$8.00 for one year (monthly)
New Scientist =
$16. 00 for one year jwaciey).
Cocoons for the millions House shells of foamed epoxy resin can be built up from the bare earth in a matter of hours simple travelling mould controlled by two men. The cheapness and speed of erection
con ravers
5 SCIENTIFIC @ AMERICAN
from a number of different viewpoints and have found that the Newark and Detroit survey data do not support it. The rioters are not the poorest of the poor. They are not the hard-core unem- ployed. They are not the least educated. They are not unassimilated migrants or newcomers to the city. There is no evi- dence that they have serious personality disturbances or are deviant in their so- cial behavior. They do not have a differ- ent set of values. None of these factors sets the rioter off from the rest of the community in a way that justifies consid- ering him a personal failure or an irre- sponsible person. In fact, on some of the “prosocial” items, such as education and occupational aspiration, the rioter com- pares favorably with thé nonrioter or even surpasses him.
London we
a ¥
offer a realistic approach to the world-wide problem of building low-cost housing
26. Give at least three ways a barome- ter can be used to
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‘. to be planted quickly amid the harvest ; x -Uq dy} J9MO0'T (]) FAW ore DIDET. "Qe stubble, thus guaranteeing two crops a oe i ON year, be re ee Set steel Reporting on the progress of no-tillage We have examined the ritrail theory i od r je latest example of a technological
innovation turning out to be antici-
s pated by a natural process may be in the
field of holography, or photography by wave-front reconstruction. The holo- graphic principle is involved in a star- tling conjecture put forward by 2 Hun- garian investigator to account for the extraordinary sensitivity of the ultra- sonic echo-location systems used by bats, whales, dolphins and porpoises to “see” in the dark. This capability has been known for many years to resemble mod- erm sonar, but no satisfactory explana- tion has yet been offered for the fact that these animals can apparently distinguish between targets of different shapes and can discriminate between their own sig- nal and those emitted by their compan- ions, even though the frequency of the pulses is the same.
bufofenine (inactive)
in the maternal side, before the placenta is delivered, CH,0 obstetricians may be inhibiting expulsion of the > \
placenta (afterbirth) and causing postpartum
haemorrhage. N CH,0
2,4,5 -trimethoxyamphetamine
Writing in Nature, Paul Greguss of the RSRI Ultrasonic Laboratory in Bu- dapest maintains that the characteristics of the animal systems suggest that the animals perceive not only the amplitude but also the phase of the ultrasonic waves, which they can discriminate by
using a coherent “background” level of ultrasound as a reference. In other words, the animals are using a version of the holographic technique.
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Industrial Design
Design clean and clear, and ingenious, and maybe superticial (the debate is underway) is the stamp of two generations of designers that now make up a friendly Establishment. The best window into their domain besides World's Fairs is the British Magazine, Industrial Design.
[Suggested by Jay Baldwin]
Suggested bibliography .
Chapanis, Alphonse. “Man-Machine En- ineering.” Belmont, California: Warsworth ublishing Co., 1965.
Clark, Grahame. “The Stone-Age Hunt-
ers." New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.
Damon, Stoudt and McFarland, “The Human Body in Equipment Design.” Cam-
bridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. Edhoime, 0.G. “The Biology of Work.”
New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967,
Ewald, J.R. “Environment for Man—
The Next Fifty Years.” Bloomington,
Rosch and Burke. “Kinescology and Ap- plied Anatomy.” Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1967.
Sinaiko, H. Wallace. “Selected Papers on Human Factors In the Design and Use of Control Systems." New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1961.
Smith and Smith. “Perception and Mo- tion.” Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders and Co., 1962. - Vernon, M.D. “Experiments in Visual Perception.” Baltimore: Penguin Book inc., 1966
Junk as art, screens, etc.
{n flame cutting, a series of torches cut custom parts from steel sheet. The remainder of the sheet is usually sent to the scrap heap for eventual salvage by steel makers. But at the Reliance Steel & Aluminum Company, someone thinks that the patterned perforations in sheet form might have other uses
in sheet form might have other uses. Admirers—of~ such industrial art, or people with potential uses for these by- product plates, might want to discuss the matter with Mr. Robert Zurbach, a Reliance V.P., at 2537 East 27th Street, Los Angeles, California.
Are designers obsolete? ee ee
Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1967 Fogel, L.J. “Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications.” Engelwood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1963.
Gagne, R.M. “Psychological Principles
in System Development.” New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962.
Gregory, R.L. “Eye and Brain.” New
York: McGraw Hill, 1966.
Jones, J.C. and Thornely, D.G. “Con- ference on Design Method.” New York: McMillan, 1963.
McCormick, E.J. “Human Factors Engin- eering.” New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964-> McGaugh, J.L., Weinberger, N.M., Whalen, R.E. “Psychobiology” (readings from ‘Scientific American"). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Co., 1967.
Meistter, D. and Rabideau, G. F. “Human Factors Evaluation in Systems Develop- ment.” New York: John Wiley, 1965. Morgan, Cook. Chapanis and Lund “Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design.” New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.
$10.00 for “ne year (10 issues) Murre!', K.F.H. “Human Performance in A monthly source of the new materials, vr Industry.” New York: Reinhold, 1965. design tools, technological advances, and components ~~ “ai Design , particularly important to active designers. SI hy teoo MAN/MACHINE SYSTEMS INTERACTIONS :
Product Engineering
Roy Sebern pointed out the main satisfaction
of reading Product Engineering: in the usual magazines such as Popular Science, everything has the tone of “I-wish-they'd-make. . .”; whereas in Product Engineering it's “We are making. . .". The magazine has good reporting and excellent editing. Increasingly it is going beyond the question of how to make stuff into why make stuff. Departments include Research & Technology, Mechanical Design & Power Transmission, Hydraulic/Pneumatic Power & Control, Materials & Manufacturing, Product Planning & Management, and the Engineer & His Profession.
Industry
fers AR \
AE A n
Pp p--- - E Product Engineering
a i ie rye Fe | SE OS Bt Bt Be i 4 a” o#
Smooth surfaces of nylon or acetal snap together without need for precise alignment. They hold firmly until pulled apart by a_ specified force.
Product Engineering
$1 5.00 for one year (bi-weekly)
” lites. Tew: « wiki, a from Developments Fail Manager Fe =ngineering to watch Igloo-like houses of urethane foam are formed by spraying over fabric and cable He ED Ee eli 08520
forms. Dwellings of almost any size or shape can be built in a matter of minutes.
Flying belts ruled
A sevens of today need not feel
by muscle-power
It may be only a matter of time before researchers take some of the controls off jet-flying belts. This step will allow man to rely on his own sense of balance and muscle control while swooping around the sky al- most at will.
Clearinghouse
Its full name is “Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information,” it’s
managed by the U.S. Department of Commerce, and it’s quite a service. All current unclassified
R&D (research and development) done for or by the Government is available through Clearinghouse; this amounts to 30,000 new documents each year. Specific accesses are: U.S. Government Research and Development Reports (December 1,000 new documents twice a month), $22/year; Fast Announcement Service, for as many a 57 subject areas, delivered constantly, $5/year; and Technical Translations, twice a month, $12/year. These are indexes. Once you find what you want you order a paper copy (hard copy) for around $3 or micro-film (microfiche) for around $.65. The following examples of listings are from the Fast Announcement Service.
[Suggested by Jon Dieges]
as “lone” as they have in the past, partly because of the Inventors As- sistance League, which was set up in Los Angeles 18 months ago by Ted De Boer (photo, top right). The League was founded to help the inventor make his brainchild a mar- ketable, commercial reality.
eo.
Write 9 information and order forms to: US. E = ent of Commerce Clear > "+ for Federal Scientific & Technical
Information
eae = ANNO NUP Mite 8s
For the movies, the holographic information of an entire square- image field seen from one horizontal plane is contained in a narrow horizontal section of film. Vertical motion of this “strip hologram” at any speed through a laser-illuminated viewing aperture results in a vertically scanned but essentially stationary 3D image. So, says De- Bitetto, if a sequence of such strip holograms of a progressively changing scene is recorded by pulse laser techniques, the strip holo- gram sequence reconstructs what appears to be a continuous motion of the 3D scene, The sequence of strips is simply moved vertically through the laser-illuminated viewing aperture, at any velocity.
eee
CLEARINGHOUSE
FOR FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC ANO TECHNICAL INFORMATION RE Ry EET: me
AD-672-250 - THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF BLACKMAIL, D. Ellsberg, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif., July 68, 40 p,
The Fast Announcement Service-recommended for those who want more mail.
AD-674 025 - OPTICAL OR GRAPHIC INFORMATION PROCESSING (INFORMATION SCIENCES SERIES), Defense Documentation Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Va., Sept. 68, 229 p. . . .. DDC bibliography containing 183 references grouped under the following headings: (1) display devices and theory; (2) character recognition; and (3) pattern recognition.
PB-179 385 - MANUAL ON DESIGN FOR LOW-COST AND AIDED SELF- HELP HOUSING, Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C., for AID, Jan. 57 (reprinted June 67), 111 p.
AD-674 753 - ACOUSTICAL HOLOGRAPHY OF NONEXISTENT WAVE-
FRONTS DETECTED AT A SINGLE POINT IN SPACE, A.F. Metherell
and S. Spinak, McDonnell Douglas Corp., Huntington Beach, Calif., May 68, 17 p. Describes a configuration based on an extension of the reciprocity theorem and realized by physically interchanging the source and detector. The hologram- recording operation is executed by scanning the source throughout a plane and sampling the resultant wavefront as a function of time with a stationary detector.
Springfield. Va. 22151
Science and Civilization in China, Volume IV,
Sandy Tcherepnin just asked delicately if I've read Needham's Science and Civilization in China.
Sandy, | don't know anybody who’s read Needham's Science and Civilization in China. This is gonna be a reputation review. People say it's a great book. I'll page through, pick out two graphic pictures, two balisy quotes, and advise everybody to go spend $35.
Jim Fadiman was even more polite: “What's Needham doing in the CATALOG?”
Nostalgia. This is the volume about Mechanical Engineering. Since many communities and individuals seem intent on reenacting human technological history, here’s their opportunity not to be limited to Western technology. You too can build the first cantilevered bridge, devise the indestructible junk sail (1 read about that in Needham’s Order and Life, a biology
book), and build epic water wheels.
For all we know, an enormous shuck is in progress. Has anybody out there read Science and Civilization in China?
By the time Marco Polo was in China
(c. +1285) Man-lifting kites were in common use, according to his description, as a means of divination whereby sea- captains might know whether their intended voyages would be prosperous
or not.
Science and Civilization in China Volume IV Part 2 Mechanical Engineering
Joseph Needham
1965
759 pp.
$35.00
postpaid
om
ie Haat x@v) Rochelle, NY.
or 10801 WHOLE EARTH CATALOG
‘The undertaking of such a gigantic task single-handed reveals a creative spirit worthy of all admiration. Its com- pletion will make it an unprecedented and epoch-making work in the history of science, and it has already aroused the interest of scholars in every country, who regard it as a master- piece of modern scientific study. It cannot fail to direct the attention of the learned world to ancient Chinese culture and science.’ Yu Fanc-Hu in Kuang Ming Jih-Pao (Peking) ‘This only enhances our amazement at Needham’s ability to discover in the ocean of datable Chinese literature so many anticipations of present-day scientific knowledge. Even his tentative speculations are as arresting as his conclusions. A.W. HUMMEL in American Historical Review
Tools tools tools tools tools. Brand names. No particular discrimination or evaluation. If you know what you want, it’s probably here. Prices apparently good. Audel books, for example, cost 15% less than from the publisher or bookstores. y Minimum order $10.
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Fig. 650. Pictorial reconstruction of the astronomical clock-tower built by Su Sung and his collaborators at Khaifeng in Honan, then the capital of the empire, in +1090. The clockwork, driven by a water-wheel, and fully enclosed within the tower, rotated an observational armillary sphere on the top platform and a celestial globe in the upper storey. Its time-announcing function was further fulfilled visually and audibly by the perfor- mances of numerous jacks mounted on the eight super-
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imposed wheels of a time-keeping shaft and appearing at windows in the pagoda-like structure at the front
of the tower. Within the building, some 40 ft. high,
the driving wheel was provided with a special form of escapement, and the water was pumped back into
the tanks periodically by manual means. The time annunciator must have included conversion gearing, since it gave ‘unequal’ as well as equal time signals, and the sphere probably also had this (see p. 456).
Alternative globe drive
Alternative shafting
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Su Sung’s treatise on the clock, the Hsin | Hsiang Fa Yao, constitutes a classic of horological engi- neering. Orig, drawing by John Christiansen. The staircase was actually inside the tower, as in the model of Wang Chen-To (7).
The historical significance of the mechanical rotation of an astronomical instrument (a clock-drive) has already been discussed in Vol. 3, pp.359ff.; cf. also p.492 below.
OOO OW
Ss (front)
Allusion has already been made to the ‘south-
pointing carriage’ (chih nan chhe) in Sect.26i on magnetism, since it was long confused, both by Chinese and Westerners, with the magnetic compass. We know now, however, that it had nothing to do
with magetism, but was a two-wheeled cart with a train of gears so arranged as to keep a figure pointing due south, no matter what excursions the horse- drawn vehicle made from this direction.
Fig. 707. Page of drawings sent to Cayley to Dupuis- Delcourt in 1853 illustrating an improved Chinese heilcopter top which would mount more than 90 ft. into the air. From Hubbard & Ledegoer (I). This
was the direct ancestor of the helicopter rotor and the godfather of the aeroplane propeller.
Fig. 689. Typical Chinese horizontal windmill working a square-pallet chain-pump
in the salterns at Taku, Hopei (king, 3). The fore-and-aft mat-and-batten type
sails luff at a certain point in the cycle and oppose no resistance as they come back into the eye of the wind (see diagram on p. 559)
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eaty to clean, needs no setting fence posts. In- .» $39.95
above but less “ H.P.
Fig. 519. Diagram of a sailing wheelbarrow from
van Braam Houkgeest (+1797), showing the
batten sail and multiple sheets so characteristic
of Chinese nautical
pratice. (cf. Sect. 29g below).
Silvo Catalog 160 pp.
$.25
from: Silvo Hard‘are Co. c/o, ee Sollings, < “ying » tment \JU+ Set Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
Si VO HARDWA COMPANY
\ AAS" (=>.
Brookstone Tools
If precision tools are what you need, this gentlemanly company will comply. They're fastidious about what they list, and they are good to the customer. (“We don't lead you on with prices ‘subject to change without
notice."")
[This catalog and Silvo suggested by “Armchair Shopper's Guide” (see p. 44)]
HACKSAW CUTS ANY DEPTH,
STRAIGHT OR CURVED
Remarkable “endless” hacksaw cuts fo any depth, even culs curves, because no frame interferes with blade. All work is done forward of casing, by reciprocating blade. Does “impossible” jobs.
After drilling a hole, blade is easily inserted for sawing out parts of sheets, panels, flooring, etc., as in sketch. Blade breakage is reduced because bdiade is supported in front casing on 3 hardened steel bearing balls.
Enclosed spring returns blade automatically after each for- ward stroke,
Well made. Polished chrome plated tube. Polished, nickel plated fittings. Ename‘ed casing and bedy. Uses standard 10” and 12” blades available everywhere. About 15” long.
67-1293 Endless hacksaw ................ $7.95 = ine Sy - » oy So 2 \ Ae : = “A
D 8-1/2’ shears. All-round shears for shop, office, ship- ping room, home. Heavily forged for toughest work. Won't bend, even using two hands. Stays sharp — the pair we first tested is still in daily use in our shipping room after a year, on tough paper and cartons, isn’t dull yet! Extra- comfortable finger loops prevent fatigue. Precision-fitted fo cut filmiest fabrics without ravelling. A masterpiece of Scissor making.
67A-1357 8-1/2" shears Six & up
-. $6.95
FLEXIBLE FILES DO WHAT OTHERS CAN’T
These amazing files are flexible plastic strips impregnated with super-hard aluminum oxide abrasives. You can bend them aimost double without breaking. You can snip them into special shapes. Now you can file and polish curved surfaces and otherwise inaccessible places.
They're waterproof, oilproof — for use wet or dry. Excellent for shaping and fitting, and for fine finishing and polishing all metais (even hard steel) without scratch- ing. Remove burrs, toa! marks, corners. Touch up cutting tools. Smooth off sharp edges, even on hard glass and ceramics.
Electrically non-conductive — safe on live circuits. Un- equalled for dressing and burnishing contacts, line starters, limit switches, commutators, relays.
Catalog Width Length Thick. - Orit Each Number in, im, im
670-1103 1/2 4-1/2 .040 80 (coarse) 20c 670-1104 1/2 4-1/2 .040 120 (medium) 20 67A-1105 1/2 4-1/2 040 240 (ex-fine) 20 670-1106 1/2 4-1/2 040 320 (polish) 20 In lots of 10 doren ..............,, $2.15 /doz.
Jensen Tools
Electrical Tools primarily. All prices postpaid.
Jensen Catalog 65 pp.
a #
p= ols and Alloys
MODEL 355
MIDGETESTER
So very small (2-3/4 x 4-1/2 x 1") it easily slips into your shirt pocket. No wonder the 355 Midgetester is so popular with all who
gprs must make basic voltage atalo: and resistance measure- op 9 INTERNAL PIPE WRENCHES ARE ments “in the fleid. : eature: $.25 TROUBLE SAVERS cnvaunet and 10,008 ohms per volt sensi- Yai) tain an tivity on both AC and DC ranges. Measures = sokstone Company inside pipe vad oh 0-60, 0-300, and 0-1200 ge 2" Road , \ 2) gton, Mass. 01098 p REEF Rx 700
available. Note:
508417 TESTER 308425 CASE
> Spe@e £2375 SS BPIARABRABIS PD*MW2 BOO W_ABWA BAST &
i”
- 292 8 BIDPSAAADAD DS ieccinmaele
$18 2
medium-duty knife,
CAT. NO. 87
* st Indian School Road
and +5% DC. Fumished complete with test leads and manual, The 355 is an optional component in the JTK-16 tool kit (P. 36).
SHOES SHRESHEHE HESS EHAE EOS
gouges, routers, punches, plus a planer, sander, saw, spo Stripper, steel rule, pin vise, screwdriver, and assorted drill bits. Packed in 4 fitted wood chest.
ELLIS “MAJOR” INSPECTION KIT
For close and accurate examination of equip- ment not normally accessible to the naked eye. The kit consists of a series of yarying- length probes fitted with miniature electric jamps and lenses. By using these light probes and @combination of adjustable mirrors and magnifying fittings inctuded in the kit, the most inaccessible spots may be viewed through very small aperatures. Used for the inspection of waveguides (, S, and Q bands), cavities, pumps, dies, valves, printed circuits, smatl motors, te systems, relays, switchboards, elec- tronic components (to name just a few). All. parts interiocking and i . Included are the basic battery handle (com- plete with 2 "D" batteries), a 15” flexible
All items are mounted in a handsome wooden case as shown above. $50.00 348672
$455.00
COMPACT TOOL AND KNIFE CHEST #87
A smatier version of the #89 deluxe kit, Contains most of the tools needed for producing wooden mockups and models.
This kit includes a cgi ag Fo a heavy-duty knife, complete assortment of knife blades, keshave, a balsa
NET EACH $18.50
Miners Catalog @eceaeeanae eeeceretaweue eee esecrerae *«~e«, Blasters’ Handbook *® se***se tee: 8 © Se Sees Sees aeeen ous
Mac Taylor, head of Exploration Laboratories, says this is the only Miners Catalog. We're glad
it's a good one.
Mt I EMA
—
+t . d' Ke
* Lm ans
MOVING THE EARTH by Herbert L. Nichols, Jr, The most complete book on excavation practices, procedures and cquipment ever written, This comprehensive book covers the entire field of exca- vation, was written primarily to fill the needs of those closest to the actual work; the estima- tor,the superintendent,the fore- man and the operator, as well as the design engineer, An extreme- ly practical book, divided into 21 chapters covering ~all types of above ground and below ground
operations. 7 x 10, 1488 pages,
2700 illus, 1962, 2nd Fd. $25.00
# . Complete Spanish Translation: a; 9x11, 1312 pages, 2700 illustra- tions, 1962, $32.00
a
MODEL G1717 ENGINEERING COMPASS. Similar to Model G!1719 Geological Compass except thot it does not have pendulurn clinometer, level bubble or extension rule. This is a fine instrument for
most engineering measurements.
The compass and optical clinometer scales permit ropid reading of horizontal and vertical angies with
a precision unusual in o hand-held compass. Weight with cose 9 ozs. Complete......-...0-0.......
ATLAS OF LANDFORMS by James L. Scovel
et al. A terrain study atlas com- piled essentially from the series of 100 topographic maps illustrating typical landforms
published by U. S. Geological Survey. Text material ,aeri- al photographs and diagrams .Effective guide to land form Study. 1455x174, 168 pp,1965, Fl “ble
binding. 20.95
Miners Catalog Free 42 pp.
$72.50
LANDFORMS
Y
fror: tA > and Pros; n Street
tle, Califc
290229634282 28} S08204444 44424 4 BD A2DBADWRD 2 B*LAR*A244
't was the gay bomber of Libre that put us on to blasting as constructive catharsis. With explosives you can cut, dig, shape, and practically whittle. While suppliers are understandably touchy in the city, you can usually get dynamite without heavy credentials in rural areas. It costs something around $15 for a fifty pound box.
This book published and updated by Dupont, has been around for 26 years. It is well regarded.
DIGGING POLE HOLES
Dynamite is useful in digging both shallow and deep holes for fence posts and for telephone and other classes of poles.
In hard ground and medium shale, any soft surface material should first be removed to the full diameter of the desired hole. For shallow holes, a small borehold should be drilled or punched along the axis of the pole hole to about the depth required and loaded with a small charge of 40 per cent “Red Cross” “Extra” primed with blasting cap and fuse
or an electric blasting cap. Double caps are recom- mended as a safety precaution (Figure 31-A-1). For best results, the hole should be fully stemmed. The blast will loosen the hard material and aid removal by shoveling.
ELECTRIC BLASTING
Fic, 220—Methed of Loading and Connecting Charges for Blsating a Semi-Tap
STEMMING . D
“ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP |
PRIMER GARTRIDGE
Fig, 218—In Loading « Small Lateral Rooted Stump the Charge Should Be Kept ‘ell Down,
CHARGE —
ai5* ELECTRIC BLASTING CAP
PRIMER CARTRIOGE
CHARGE
Fig. (4d >-Sroull diam. eter Cartsedge gerkinie! with ehectri« Sebastain fg
Fig. 219-—When Masting Tap Rooted Sturaps, Charge May Be Loaded into a Hole Bored into the “Tap Root at Angle Shown,
Stumps in the Pacific Northwest are unusually large and heavily rooted. In most cases, there- fore, work in that region will be discussed
separately. BLASTING ELECTRIC MACHINE BLASTING
STEMMING -¥ PRIMER ARTRIDGE
PRIMER CARTRIDGES
CHARGES Reoted Stump.
Fic. 221 Blasting a ‘Tap Rooted Stamp Means of Charges Placed in Holes Dug Alongside the Root.
Blasters’ Handbook - A Manual Describing Explosives and Practical Methods of Use.
1942... 1968; 524 pp.
$6.00 postpaid from, Ss evelopment Section E “2s Department
ont de Nemours & Company, Inc. "on, Delaware 19898
Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy
The best book on Solar Energy that | know of.
Any curious and intelligent person can learn a great deal about our planet and ourselves by reading this book about ways of using sunlight. There are many numbers in the book but the math never goes beyond 8th grade arithmetic. The book is clear and simple whether talking about heating water —
For general domestic use of hot water for bathing and washing dishes a temperature of 135’F (57°C)
is considered adequate and 20 gal per person per day is a reasonable consumption. In many sunny climates these requirements can be met with an insulated storage tank and solar radiation absorber which has an area of 0.75 ft’ gal-1 of hot water. A family of four would need a tank of 80 gal anda solar absorber of 60 ft*.
or photo chemical reactions —
The photo dissociation of iodine (Ip) molecules into atoms absorbs most of the visible light of the sun with a considerable amount of energy, but the iodine atoms recombine so fast that the energy cannot be retained, It is immediately evolved as heat during the exposure to light.
! read the book on a Greyhound bus in Texas two years ago and it has changed my life and my way of thinking.
[Reviewed by Steve Baer]
18. Method for drawing a parabola.
Structure, Form and Movement
The usual procedure is that R&D comes up with a new process, it's implemented for several years, and then some biologist says Hey did you know porpoises did that? (or snakes did that, or bees or elm seeds). And everybody says My, my, ain't’ Nature smart.
Herr Hertel and colleagues is trying to reverse the order, learn from nature first, save time and stay humble. (This approach now has a name, “bionics”; a book by that title that’s around is terrible.)
This book may be too expensive for its direct usefulness, but it thoroughly displays the approach that research may take to bugs, birds, fish, ete. for yield in navigation, flight, stream- lining, ete.
Structure, Form and Movement
Heinrich Hertel fror :
1963; 1966; 251 pp. F.= 4 ild Publishing Company ri ®rk Avenue
$17.50 postpaid i. ork, N.Y, 10022
Heinrich Hertel
Structure Form and Movement
REINHOLD PUBLISHING CORPORATION
permission from Solar Energy, cover, 1, no. 1 (1957).]
1964; 374 pp. $2.45 postpaid
from:
e Street
of
14 N.
Ors tr Ww
$2. Tilted plastic still of simple construction.
aN
Golden eagle. Leaping off. Legs flexed at left, extended at right
The hand remiges of birds are masterfully perfected to obviate flutter:
- The hollow cross section of the supporting frame consisting of the feather quill is continuous over the entire length and approximates a cylinder, which resists torsion well. This cross section also improves resistance to bending.
The ultralight construction of the vanes ensures minimum moment of mass about the quill axis. Variations in aerodynamic forces during oscillation affect 25% of the profile depth. Consequently, the form of the remiges. with narrower anterior vane sections and broader posterior vane sections, is appropriate for aeroelastic reasons. In the primary feather shown in figure 65, the resultant of aero- dynamic forces lies behind the shaft. With this aerodynamically desirable arrange ment it is impossible to locate the resultants of mass distribution ahead of the torsion axis. The arrangement of the three axes (in order from front to back: torsion axis, centroidal axis, aerodynamic axis) is thoroughly favorable for achieving a high critical velocity. - Considerable damping of the oscillation system is provided by the foam filling (support of the coverts).
11. World wide distribution of solar energy in hundreds of hours per year. [Adapted with
Direct Use of the Sun’s Energy Farrington Daniels
Yeo dg. 3 versity Press * an, Conn. 06511
IW ZARTH CATALOG
Wooden frome, 4 x 6 feet; rough lumber 4 inches high, 1 Inch thick three loyers of plastic sheet, top sheet attached to wooden frame; cover frome set over base
c Water layer, 2 inches deep d. Clear polyethylene floor
Emptying hot water with suction syphon Side view showing position of end of howe
29. Inexpensive solar water heater, A. Filling with cold water, B. Emptying hot water with suction syphon. C, Side view, showing position of end of hose.
SALT WATER ——PLASTIC COVER CURLED BACK ¥ TO CATCH ALL CISTRLED WATER FROM COVER
diagrammatic g Fig. 52 Beginning of take-off = wing stroke forward and down incident flow - downwash - forces. » 2 ’ Below: stagnation point; flow around the leading edge
costing
taut position naan ree ~ position
¥ G4 frames per sec
Fig. 204 Starting thrust-lunging of trout (Salmo gairdneri) Top: progress of movement according to motion picture record. Bottom: fin stroke.
Van Waters & Rogers
A few years back, when | needed to make a darkroom sink, Jerry Stoll told me about miraculous substance unaffected by wet, heat or chemicals that could be painted on plywood. So! got some clear Barboline paint at Van Waters & Rogers and it worked (still does): plain old plywood doesn't leak, crack, peel, or corrode. Now I'm thinking about a wood bath tub.
Van Waters & Rogers is a huge lab supply house. | don't know anything about them except they have a hard-bound catalog this thick full of illegal-looking equipment. They have outlets all over the western U.S.
vy LJ Van Waters & Rogers Catalog WAVER
1112 pp.
Free ir you justify your existence as a customer. fror
% _iers & Rogers =* 3200 ~ Annex
pa? - NCISCO, =
1000 BERL SADDLES
LABORATORY Size
n{™ California 94119
A textbook for book designers.
Should enable anyone from author to customer to communicate intelligently about any aspect of the design or production of a book. Probably the only existent reference
for someone who needs to deal with printers and publishers, and isn’t quite sure he knows an offset from a castoff. Perhaps the best thing that can be said about this book is that
it is beautifully designed, but by the time you finish reading it you'll probably know
enough to start criticizing its design.
[Reviewed by Larry McCombs]
To reconcile the sometimes divergent needs of the various aspects of bookmaking, decide first on what should be done creatively, then modify these decisions as necessary to accomodate the practical considerations. In other words, plan the ideal first and retain as much of it as you can. This works better than any other procedure because the creative process functions best when it is free of practical considerations, The moment you accept mechanical or economic limitations, your imagination tends to freeze, Not that it merely restricts itself to the practicable-it tends to act as though the limiting walls were made of glass, and it swings in a cramped arc far short of those walls. This is a safe enough procedure, but it precludes any chance of extending the possible,
Bookmaking
Marshall Lee from? 1965; 399 pp. RER: ker Company
1480 Avenue of the Americas $1 2.75 postpaid New. York, N.Y. 10036
Zone System Manual
Zone
a “Zone” as a visual unit of measurement is arrived at by altering a standard exposure by one “stop” more or one “stop” less. For example all the values in a scene exposed at f/11 at 1/25 second would print one “zone” lighter than a print of the same scene exposed at f/16 at 1/25 second. (Providing
This invisible book contains the essence of Ansel Adams’ zone system of photography distilled by Minor White, who has his own mastery. The term for the process is pre- visualization, which is looking at reality through an accurately imagined photographic print, then knowing how to make the calcu- lations and mechanical and chemical adjust- ments so that the print has what you saw.
It's all here.
EXTEND UNTE THE NEGATIVE
rAM BE STEN InN YOUR
PPEYVISUALIZ ATOM WAGE OF
orns #NE
er
THE Ist STAGE IN PREVISUALIZATION
PAINT, Corrosion-Resistant, Plastic, Self-Priming, Carbol Series “K” — Provides excellent protection indoors and out against corrosive fumes, corrosive atmospheric conditions,
occasional spillage of acids or alkalies. Particularly useful
in the chemical, petroleum, laundry, food, beverage and sim-
ilar industries. Long-lasting and economical. Simple to apply 4 — requires no special surface preparation, and no primer, : intermediate or seal coat. Stands up well under most acids
and alkalies, oils, greases and alcchols. Excellent moisture
resistance. Can be applied equally well to metal, concrete
or wood, Brushes or sprays on,
Benzene
52673-081 oa sacs rpatintt weinsavarace“a.ia eset Aacld CORTE SOA mee or
B2679-128 Clear... ---0200----o2--v-vvrosr-7- uate gs ~CORROSION-RESISTANT S2673-285 WhItO ....,..-.----crceeeeeceneeeeees Quart 300 LABORATORY PAINTS vt Re ere Galion 6.70
COIS: | CE Seti cna ernie Veereeiievsesmre sere Gallon 6.70
BPRTETEA) GYAN ons, cermin y eenegrenemr nares cues Gallon 8,00
ek Ses a _. Gallon 8,45
THINNER — For use, only if necessary, in brush application, to make brushing easier. For use with Nos. 52673-081 — 52674- 288. For spraying, one part of Carboline thinner to two parts of Carboline paint.
52675-043 Quart .. 52675-087 Gallon
52673-081 — 52675-087
The readability of a page is affected by no less than 9 factors:
(a) typeface, (b) size of type, (c) length of line, ({d) leading, {e) page pattern (which includes “margins”), (f contrast of type and paper (which includes color), (g) texture of paper (h) typographic relationships (heads, folios, etx.), and (I) suitability to content. PROOFREADERS’ MARKS sblaconet ty repeat ae miabiad seal Sane a") Mark in text Meaning Corrected text 4 Proofreading$ Delete, take out letter or | Proofreading word —_ oa ope . So Legibilfiry is Delete and close up Legibility is — fret therequirement Insert marginal addition | the first requirement — ofa proof reader's marks.| Close up entirely of a proofreader's marks. w Symbols_should be Less space Symbols should be = madefineatly and Push space down to avoid | made neatly and | prinung + injine with Add space in line with 4q.4 the “text “eo%which Space evenly the text to which q they refer. [Place New paragraph they refer. marks carefully.> No new paragraph Place marks no Ff | Paragraphs may be carefully. Paragraphs ‘bce cao
may be
of course that the two negatives were given identical development time and the same exposure time in the enlarger.)
This “one Stop” or “one Zone” alteration, links the “zone” to the classic 1:2 exposure ratio used in photography to calibrate shutter speeds and diaphragm openings or “stops.”
How To Previcualize Your Pictures ne at
Zone System Manual
Minor White 1965; 112 pp. $1.95 postpaid from: Me ©. Morgan, Inc. 25 treet mn He on-Hudson, N.Y. 10706
al oe: ae
OF ea itt WrlG_t =ARTH CATALOG
A Sculptor’s Manual
This book is a well organized presentation of the basic processes behind sculpture. Detailed processes are made to seem simple, but not oversimplified; it remains obvious that a good deal of patience will be required to cast a bronze by the lost wax method. People who do not know what technique will suit them best and who want a solid footing from which to experiment, will find A_Sculptor’s Manual most useful. It encourages you to attempt the forms you have imagined, by showing you
how.
The nine chapters cover plaster usage; foundry practice; flame and electric welding; plastics; cement; stone and wood; repetition casting; general construction; finishing; and surface coatings. Cross referencing, a glossary, and 27 diagrams make the book all the more usable. British sculptors will find a buyer's guide at the end of each chapter. Americans are referred to the yellow pages, Bernard Klein’s “Guide to American Directories”
and the “Thomas Register” (see p. 23 of the CATALOG) to find sources for materials.
At the back of the book is a section of 22 photos of finished sculpture, just enough to intrigue and egg you on without being pushy.
[Reviewed by Joe Bonner]
1968; 158 pp.
The development of plastics has been continuing since the end of the last century and the term plastics now covers a complex of materials of which those dealt with here for a small and relatively simple part.
Firstly, there is the vast range of thermosetting plastics materials which are manufactured as liquids in two or three component parts. These are the poly esters and epoxy resins. They require reinforcement and are formed in a one-way process.
Secondly, there is an even larger range of thermo- plastics, manufactured in powder or chip form and fabricated into very thin sheets which are subsequently laminated to provide whatever thicknesses may be required. They are structural materials — either flexible
$8.50 postpaid
a seulptor’s manual
A Sculptor’s Manual Geoffrey Clarke & Stroud Cornock frogs — te
Re © i ublishing Company 40 BS Ave. Neiomers N.Y. 10022
temperature at which it was formed and it will revert through a sequence of forming operations back into a sheet
Thermosets are built up with glass-fibre reinforcement over female mould surfaces and subsequently painted if required, though mass-pigmentation can be effected before lay-up.
Thermoplastics can be bent and formed when hot, either freely or by mechanical forming, e.g. they can be injected under pressure into moulds. These materials can be bonded with adhesives, welded together by high-frequency vibration, screwed over
a frame or welded with hot gas and a filter rod. It
is possible to vary the mass-pigmentation of various thermoplastics by laminating a screen-printed surface onto the rigid sheet.
Braue Cur Ane? VENTE
UMD aDNED TO come (As TOMPORMAY BASE
mveRTCD AGA ane HALF momriK @ BAND FOR POUR
Eduardo Paolozzi Hagim 1967 Chrome-plated steel. 2/12 in. by 11 3/4 in. by 6 in Hanover Gallery, London photo: Howards Studio
Lost Wax process or cire perdu.
A lenthy and complex process. Join all wax runners, risers, etc., with a wax knuckle by modelling with a hot spatula. Reinforce grog with chicken wire. Before removal from kiln, reinforce surface with plaster and scrim. Keep sprue clear of sand, etc.
The process has changed little since the Greeks brought it to a pitch of achievement, and it is still so demanding that very few foundries exist. Their services are very costly. If you have a sculpture in clay, wax or plaster, and it is of a nature that demands faithful reproduction, there is no doubt that bronze — far denser than aluminum, cast by the Lost-Wax process — quite different from sand- casting - presents the only method of preserving the form and texture accurately.
This is an extremely complex and variable method, though large works can be cast more cheaply if it is followed up to the point at which the wax has been cored — or just to the production of the wax (without runners or core) — and the result is then given to a
foundry for casting. If the foundrymen produce a
or rigid — and are formed under heat in a reversible ( bad result, however — it will be your fault.
process: raise a thermoplastic object carefully to the
book — up to date — on the techniques
Does any reader know of a thorough of working with plastics?
Creative Glass Blowing
This well-illustrated and carefully written book begins with the statement “Any one can learn to blow glass." To a large extend the authors, one of whom is a professional glass blower, succeed in making that statement believable. However, the first 50 pages are concerned with the tools of the glass blower and | found myself wondering, “Yes, but can anyone learn to be a pipe-fitter, metal worker, carpenter, and electrician?” If you can do those things, there is little doubt that this book (and several hundred dollars worth of tools and related supplies) will enable you to blow glass — probably creatively.
Don't expect to take up glass blowing casually, with just this book, but if it is a hobby to
which you can commit yourself seriously this book would be an excellent investment, for
Creative Glass Blowing James E, Hammesfahr, Clair L. Stong
starters. 1968; 196 pp.
There is a page at the end that lists sources of $8.00 postpaid
tools and materials. Unfortunately, there are ;
only a few suppliers mentioned, all of whom wae, eee eee are in the East. Alas, we westerners need a 664 2 Si ot Street —
special supplement, obviously. ik
pe
*e isco, Ca 94104 or Riots
[Reviewed by Richard Raymond] WE) 2 ARTH CATALOG
Here, then, is the first skill you must develop in the course of becoming a glass blower: the knack of rotating hot glass at a rate that precisely counteracts the force of gravity. The trick is not difficult to
master if you follow a few simple rules. First, never soften more glass than you need for making a desired form. If you intend to impart a rounded shape to the end of a rod, heat only the tip. Second, never
soften the material more than necessary to accomplish your objective. Obviously, stiff glass is easier to control than runny glass. Watch the work as it softens and changes form. Alter its position in the fire to take advantage of gravity, or to offset the affect of gravity, as the case may be. This is accomplished by rotating the work.
Figure 4-36.
Burn off
Buckskin
This is one of the best deals in the CATALOG. Buckskin in downtown San Francisco costs $1.50 a square foot; Leather Tanning offers the same material for 90¢/sq.ft. postpaid anywhere in the U.S. The buckskin is chrome-tanned, which makes it more resistant to the effects of water than oil-tanned skin. The company also carries cowhide, elk skin, hair-on calf, etc. Orders for a dozen or more skins get 10¢/sq.ft. discount. Buckskins are generally 10-12 sq.ft. in size, calf skins smaller, elk skins larger. The shirt was made of two 12 sq.ft. buckskins.
Buckskin
Buckskin
$.90 /sq.ft. postpaid Hair-on-calf (clipped) $1 .80 /sq.ft. postpaid
Hair-on-calf (unclipped)
$1 .60 /sq.ft. postpaid
* Tanning Company > 2406a » .cisco, California 94124
(i
Melrose Yarns
Of the mail-order yarn catalogs that we've seen, this is the most complete, least expensive. Prices are comparable to or better than most yarn stores.
Melrose Yarns
Catalog and Sample Card
$.50
from: >
Mé-* 3..arn Company, Inc. 1& "24 Avenue
Be. = New York 11203
Cut Beads
In evaluating Indian beadwork, one of the first things you
notice is whether the beads are cut or seed beads. Cut beads are slightly faceted so they reflect a scattered sparkling of
light from the beadwork. They raise the value of the piece because (1) it is prettier, (2) the craftsman went to the extra trouble or expense to get cut beads, (3) the piece may be antique.
The single source of cut beads in America is Elliot Greene & Co.
in New York. They sell a minimum of 1/2 kilo per color. Coax your bead pusher to stock up.
[Suggested by Michael Hoffman]
Cut Beads
$12.50 per 1/2 kilo
from Eb? ene & Company, Inc. 3. = 2 237th Street
Ne sae, N.Y. 10018 moe
eeeewe Raiee 232 {tify + esesbaba $ex < “Seaa0 *. rsesetatg sted <>< 2: -: Mier g F* -sscse =
ee ees ee tt
eee ée $2 a6 &-§ 4 ria] tt * ee
eee oe ; {BST reese See eet
Reg
Human Biocomputer
John Lilly has worked for a long time with sensory deprivation, pursuing the notion that relieving the computer (mind) of many of its environmenital-survival chores frees it to attend more fully to self-investigation. Of late he’s added LSD to the process and
has found ways to flourish and discover within this doubly
floating condition.
The paper Human Biocomputer is the best internal guidebook
Human Biocomputer John C., Lilly, M.D.
1967; 160 pp. Inquires'ss-orice (Metzner says its about $5.00) from:
Con = Scions Research Institute
Mi ane t'a 33133
I’ve seen — far more practical and generalized than transcendent
Eastern writings or wishful Underground notes. Though it's not the whole story by any means, it makes an open start on fresh language and powerful technique for the frontier.
An additional advantage the paper offers is the opportunity to learn and explore computers without requiring money or administrative approval. You inherited and grew everything
you need, and it's free.
For example, the term ‘reprogramming substances’ may be appropriate for compounds like lysergic acid diethylamide. For substances like ethyl alcohol the term ‘metaprogram-attenuating substances’ may be
useful.
| believe that by using certain methods and means some of which are presented in this work that truly talented and dedicated individuals can forge, find, and devise new ways of looking at our minds, ways which are truly scientific, intellectually economical, and interactively creative. Consider for example, the case of the fictitious individual created by the group of mathematicians masquerading under the name of “Dr. Nicholas Bourbaki.”
This group of mathematicians in order to create a mathematics or sets of mathematics beyond the capacity of any one individual, held meetings three times a year and exchanged ideas, then went off and worked separately. The resulting papers were published under a pseudonym because the products of this work were felt to be a group result beyond any one individual's contribution.
The major problems of the research of interest to the author center
on the erasability, modifiability, and creatibility of programs. In
other words, | am interested in the processes of finding metaprograms (and methods and substances) which control, change, and create the
basic metaprograms of the human computer. It is not known whether
[Suggested by Ralph Metzner]
one can really erase any program.
The boundary of the brain, of course, may be considered as the limits of the extensions of the central nervous system into the periphery.
In the maximally attenuated environment (92